Main Article Content
Abstract
This qualitative study examines how students use AI tools for their research and thesis writing, anchored in Constructivist Learning Theory, which holds that learners actively construct knowledge through experience and reflection. Utilizing the 4D model of appreciative inquiry, this study investigated the positive experiences of students using AI chatbots to write their theses, their ideal role in AI, methods to optimize the positive effects of AI chatbots, and approaches to promote a culture that accepts AI technology in research while upholding academic integrity. Using semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions with undergraduate students currently writing theses. The results indicated that students appreciated the productivity and efficiency increases made possible by AI tools such as instantaneous writing feedback and quick literary summarization. However, they were also worried about their potential effects on creativity and critical thinking. This study offers insightful information for academic institutions, faculty, and students. It suggests establishing clear rules and placing faculty training programs to guarantee the ethical and appropriate use of AI technologies in academic endeavors.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Dan Namanya, Mennen Pearl C. Talibong

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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- Abe, M. (2024). Transformative impact of AI on higher education. International Journal of Educational Research, 75(2), 100–112.
- Abedin, B., Meske, C., Junglas, I., Rabhi, F., & Motahari-Nezhad, H. R. (2022). Designing and managing human-AI interactions. Information Systems Frontiers.
- Aljuaid, M. (2024). The balanced approach to education: Integrating AI support with core academic writing education. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 27(1), 45–56.
- American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
- Aydin, M., & Karaarslan, A. (2023). The effects of over-reliance on AI dialogue systems on students' cognitive abilities: A systematic review. Smart Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40561-024-00316-7
- Bada, S. O., & Olusegun, S. (2015). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for teaching and learning. Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 5(6), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-05616670
- BaHammam, A. S., Trabelsi, K., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., & Jahrami, H. (2023, January 1). Adapting to the impact of AI in scientific writing: Balancing benefits and drawbacks while developing policies and regulations. Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.
- Balta, N. (2023, June 15). Embracing the future: AI's AIai’s transformative potential in educational research. European Educational Researcher, 6(2), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.31757/euer.624
- Bozkurt, A. (2023). Tell me your prompts and I will make them true. Open Praxis, 16(2), 661-674. https://doi.org/10.55982/openpraxis.16.2.661
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Carobene, A., Padoan, A., Cabitza, F., Banfi, G., & Plebani, M. (2023, November 30). Rising adoption of artificial intelligence in scientific publishing: evaluating the role, risks, and ethical implications in paper drafting and review process. De Gruyter, 62(5), 835-843. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2023-1136
- Cheligeer, A., Osadchiy, V., & Lennon, M. (2023). Artificial intelligence augmented qualitative analysis: A case study in health research. PMC, 11103925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40561-024-00316-7
- Chen, B. (2023). Unleashing the potential of prompt engineering in large language models: A comprehensive review. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.14735
- Christou, P. (2023). How to use artificial intelligence (AI) as a resource, methodological and analysis tool in qualitative research? The Qualitative Report, 28(7), 1968-1980. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2023.6406
- Christou, P. A. (2024). Thematic analysis through artificial intelligence (AI). The Qualitative Report, 29(2), 560-576. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2024.7046
- Cooperrider, D. & Whitney, D. (2005). A Positive Revolution in Change: Appreciative Inquiry. The change handbook: The definitive resource on today's best methods for engaging whole systems. 87.
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
- Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2023, April 24). Artificial intelligence in higher education: the state of the field. Springer Nature, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00392-8
- Dave, M., & Patel, N. (2023, May 26). Artificial intelligence in healthcare and education. Springer Nature, 234(10), 761-764. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-023-5845-2
- Dong, Y. (2023, April 24). Revolutionizing Academic English Writing through AI-Powered Pedagogy: Practical Exploration of Teaching Process and Assessment. Journal of Higher Education Research, 4(2), 52-52. https://doi.org/10.32629/jher.v4i2.1188
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- Fontenelle-Tereshchuk, D. (2024). Academic writing and ChatGPT: Students transitioning into college in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discover Education, 3 (6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-023-00076-5
- Garrel, J. V., & Mayer, J. (2023, November 9). Artificial intelligence in studies—use of ChatGPT and AI-based tools among students in Germany. Palgrave Macmillan, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02304-7
- Ghimire, S. (2024). AI in higher education: Improving student engagement and automating administrative tasks. Educational Technology Research and Development, 72(4), 330–345.
- Guingrich, R. E., & Graziano, M. S. A. (2024). Ascribing consciousness to artificial intelligence: human-AI interaction and its carry-over effects on human-human interaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1322781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1322781
- Hein, G. E. (1991, October). Constructivist learning theory: The museum and the needs of people. Institute for Inquiry. [Conference presentation]. CECA (International Committee of Museum Educators) Conference, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Idroes, G. M., Noviandy, T. R., Maulana, A., Irvanizam, I., Jalil, Z., Lensoni, L., Lala, A., Abas, A. H., Tallei, T. E., & Idroes, R. (2023, July 24). Student perspectives on the role of artificial intelligence in education: A survey-based analysis. Journal of Educational Management and Leadership, 1(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.60084/jeml.v1i1.58.
- Klenk, M., & Hohmann, C. (2022). The dark side of artificial intelligence: Manipulation of human behaviour. Bruegel Blog. Retrieved from https://www.bruegel.org/blog-post/dark-side-artificial-intelligence-manipulation-human-behaviour
- Liang, Y. (2023, August 22). Balancing: The Effects of AI Tools in Educational Context. Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(8), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v3i8.5531
- Lin, Z. (2024, March 18). Techniques for supercharging academic writing with generative AI. Nature Biomedical EngineeringPortfolio. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-024-01185-8
- Obrenovic, B., Gu, X., Wang, G., Godinic, D., & Jakhongirov, I. (2024). Generative AI and human–robot interaction: Implications and future agenda for business, society, and ethics. AI & Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-01889-0 Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage.
- Perkins, M., Roe, J., Postma, D., McGaughran, J., & Hickerson, D. (2023, January 1). Game of Tones: Faculty detection of GPT-4 generated content in university assessments. Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.
- Raghavan, S., & Sinha, A. (2023). Prompt engineering as an important emerging skill for medical professionals. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1), e50638. https://doi.org/10.2196/50638
- Rienties, B., Domingue, J., Duttaroy, S., Herodotou, C., Tessarolo, F., & Whitelock, D. (2024). I would love this to be like an assistant, not the teacher: A voice of the customer perspective of what distance learning students want from an artificial intelligence digital assistant. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2403.15396.
- Rožman, M., Tominc, P., & Vrečko, I. (2023, August 29). Building skills for the future of work: Students’ perspectives on emerging jobs in the Data and AI Cluster through artificial intelligence in education. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.54517/esp.v8i2.1670
- Song, C., & Song, Y. (2023, December 15). Enhancing academic writing skills and motivation: assessing the efficacy of ChatGPT in AI-assisted language learning for EFL students. Frontiers Media, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260843
- Souter, J. (2023). Worked example of AI augmented reflexive thematic analysis: Long COVID in Australia. The Age.
- Srivastava, P., & Sinha, P. (2016). Appreciative inquiry: An organizational learning tool. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(2), 7-19.
- Steiss, J., Tate, T., Graham, S., Cruz, J., Hébert, M., Wang, J., Moon, Y., Tseng, W., Warschauer, M., & Olson, C. B. (2024). Comparing the quality of human and ChatGPT feedback of students' writing. Learning and Instruction, 91, 101894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101894
- Storey, V. A. (2023). AI technology and academic writing.International Journal of Adult Education and Technology, 14(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijaet.325795
- Tauginienė, L., Gaižauskaitė, I., & Daukilas, S. (2018). ENAI Recommendations on the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence in education. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 14(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-023-00133-4
- Thomas, R., Bhosale, U., Shukla, K., & Kapadia, A. (2023, February 16). Impact and perceived value of the revolutionary advent of artificial intelligence in research and publishing among researchers: a survey-based descriptive study. Korean Council of Science Editors, 10(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.294
- Tseng, W., & Warschauer, M. (2023, May 9). AI-writing tools in education: Iif you can’t beat them, join them. De Gruyter, 3(2), 258-262. https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2023-0008
- Typeset. (2023). AI for thesis writing — Unveiling 7 best AI tools. SciSpace. https://typeset.io/resources/ai-for-thesis-writing/
- Wang, H., Fu, T., Du, Y., et al. (2023). Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence. Nature, 620(47-60). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06221-2
- Zastudil, C., Rogalska, M., Kapp, C., Vaughn, J., & MacNeil, S. (2023, January 1). Generative AI in Computing Education: Perspectives of Students and Instructors. Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.
- Zhao, P., Zhang, X., Cheng, M., Yang, J., & Li, X. (2024, February 20). Aa literature review of literature reviews in pattern analysis and machine intelligence. Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.
- Zheng, C., Yuan, K., Guo, B., Hadi Mogavi, R., Peng, Z., Ma, S., & Ma, X. (2024, May). Charting the Future of AI in Project-Based Learning: A Co-Design Exploration with Students. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-19).
- Zvirgzdauskaite, L. (2024). Enhancing personalized learning through AI in higher education. Computers & Education, 85(3), 210–223.
References
Abbas, N., Imran, A., Manzoor, R., Hussain, T., & Hussain, M. H. A. I. (2023). Role of artificial intelligence tools in enhancing students' educational performance at higher levels. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, 35, 36-49. https://doi.org/10.55529/jaimlnn.35.36.49
Abe, M. (2024). Transformative impact of AI on higher education. International Journal of Educational Research, 75(2), 100–112.
Abedin, B., Meske, C., Junglas, I., Rabhi, F., & Motahari-Nezhad, H. R. (2022). Designing and managing human-AI interactions. Information Systems Frontiers.
Aljuaid, M. (2024). The balanced approach to education: Integrating AI support with core academic writing education. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 27(1), 45–56.
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Aydin, M., & Karaarslan, A. (2023). The effects of over-reliance on AI dialogue systems on students' cognitive abilities: A systematic review. Smart Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40561-024-00316-7
Bada, S. O., & Olusegun, S. (2015). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for teaching and learning. Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 5(6), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-05616670
BaHammam, A. S., Trabelsi, K., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., & Jahrami, H. (2023, January 1). Adapting to the impact of AI in scientific writing: Balancing benefits and drawbacks while developing policies and regulations. Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.
Balta, N. (2023, June 15). Embracing the future: AI's AIai’s transformative potential in educational research. European Educational Researcher, 6(2), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.31757/euer.624
Bozkurt, A. (2023). Tell me your prompts and I will make them true. Open Praxis, 16(2), 661-674. https://doi.org/10.55982/openpraxis.16.2.661
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Carobene, A., Padoan, A., Cabitza, F., Banfi, G., & Plebani, M. (2023, November 30). Rising adoption of artificial intelligence in scientific publishing: evaluating the role, risks, and ethical implications in paper drafting and review process. De Gruyter, 62(5), 835-843. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2023-1136
Cheligeer, A., Osadchiy, V., & Lennon, M. (2023). Artificial intelligence augmented qualitative analysis: A case study in health research. PMC, 11103925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40561-024-00316-7
Chen, B. (2023). Unleashing the potential of prompt engineering in large language models: A comprehensive review. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.14735
Christou, P. (2023). How to use artificial intelligence (AI) as a resource, methodological and analysis tool in qualitative research? The Qualitative Report, 28(7), 1968-1980. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2023.6406
Christou, P. A. (2024). Thematic analysis through artificial intelligence (AI). The Qualitative Report, 29(2), 560-576. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2024.7046
Cooperrider, D. & Whitney, D. (2005). A Positive Revolution in Change: Appreciative Inquiry. The change handbook: The definitive resource on today's best methods for engaging whole systems. 87.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2023, April 24). Artificial intelligence in higher education: the state of the field. Springer Nature, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00392-8
Dave, M., & Patel, N. (2023, May 26). Artificial intelligence in healthcare and education. Springer Nature, 234(10), 761-764. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-023-5845-2
Dong, Y. (2023, April 24). Revolutionizing Academic English Writing through AI-Powered Pedagogy: Practical Exploration of Teaching Process and Assessment. Journal of Higher Education Research, 4(2), 52-52. https://doi.org/10.32629/jher.v4i2.1188
Edufever. (2024). A student's student’s guide to enhancing thesis writing with artificial intelligence. https://www.edufever.com/a-students-guide-to-enhancing-thesis-writing-with-artificial-intelligence/
Fontenelle-Tereshchuk, D. (2024). Academic writing and ChatGPT: Students transitioning into college in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discover Education, 3 (6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-023-00076-5
Garrel, J. V., & Mayer, J. (2023, November 9). Artificial intelligence in studies—use of ChatGPT and AI-based tools among students in Germany. Palgrave Macmillan, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02304-7
Ghimire, S. (2024). AI in higher education: Improving student engagement and automating administrative tasks. Educational Technology Research and Development, 72(4), 330–345.
Guingrich, R. E., & Graziano, M. S. A. (2024). Ascribing consciousness to artificial intelligence: human-AI interaction and its carry-over effects on human-human interaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1322781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1322781
Hein, G. E. (1991, October). Constructivist learning theory: The museum and the needs of people. Institute for Inquiry. [Conference presentation]. CECA (International Committee of Museum Educators) Conference, Jerusalem, Israel.
Idroes, G. M., Noviandy, T. R., Maulana, A., Irvanizam, I., Jalil, Z., Lensoni, L., Lala, A., Abas, A. H., Tallei, T. E., & Idroes, R. (2023, July 24). Student perspectives on the role of artificial intelligence in education: A survey-based analysis. Journal of Educational Management and Leadership, 1(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.60084/jeml.v1i1.58.
Klenk, M., & Hohmann, C. (2022). The dark side of artificial intelligence: Manipulation of human behaviour. Bruegel Blog. Retrieved from https://www.bruegel.org/blog-post/dark-side-artificial-intelligence-manipulation-human-behaviour
Liang, Y. (2023, August 22). Balancing: The Effects of AI Tools in Educational Context. Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(8), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v3i8.5531
Lin, Z. (2024, March 18). Techniques for supercharging academic writing with generative AI. Nature Biomedical EngineeringPortfolio. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-024-01185-8
Obrenovic, B., Gu, X., Wang, G., Godinic, D., & Jakhongirov, I. (2024). Generative AI and human–robot interaction: Implications and future agenda for business, society, and ethics. AI & Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-01889-0 Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage.
Perkins, M., Roe, J., Postma, D., McGaughran, J., & Hickerson, D. (2023, January 1). Game of Tones: Faculty detection of GPT-4 generated content in university assessments. Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.
Raghavan, S., & Sinha, A. (2023). Prompt engineering as an important emerging skill for medical professionals. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25(1), e50638. https://doi.org/10.2196/50638
Rienties, B., Domingue, J., Duttaroy, S., Herodotou, C., Tessarolo, F., & Whitelock, D. (2024). I would love this to be like an assistant, not the teacher: A voice of the customer perspective of what distance learning students want from an artificial intelligence digital assistant. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2403.15396.
Rožman, M., Tominc, P., & Vrečko, I. (2023, August 29). Building skills for the future of work: Students’ perspectives on emerging jobs in the Data and AI Cluster through artificial intelligence in education. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.54517/esp.v8i2.1670
Song, C., & Song, Y. (2023, December 15). Enhancing academic writing skills and motivation: assessing the efficacy of ChatGPT in AI-assisted language learning for EFL students. Frontiers Media, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260843
Souter, J. (2023). Worked example of AI augmented reflexive thematic analysis: Long COVID in Australia. The Age.
Srivastava, P., & Sinha, P. (2016). Appreciative inquiry: An organizational learning tool. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(2), 7-19.
Steiss, J., Tate, T., Graham, S., Cruz, J., Hébert, M., Wang, J., Moon, Y., Tseng, W., Warschauer, M., & Olson, C. B. (2024). Comparing the quality of human and ChatGPT feedback of students' writing. Learning and Instruction, 91, 101894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2024.101894
Storey, V. A. (2023). AI technology and academic writing.International Journal of Adult Education and Technology, 14(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijaet.325795
Tauginienė, L., Gaižauskaitė, I., & Daukilas, S. (2018). ENAI Recommendations on the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence in education. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 14(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-023-00133-4
Thomas, R., Bhosale, U., Shukla, K., & Kapadia, A. (2023, February 16). Impact and perceived value of the revolutionary advent of artificial intelligence in research and publishing among researchers: a survey-based descriptive study. Korean Council of Science Editors, 10(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.294
Tseng, W., & Warschauer, M. (2023, May 9). AI-writing tools in education: Iif you can’t beat them, join them. De Gruyter, 3(2), 258-262. https://doi.org/10.1515/jccall-2023-0008
Typeset. (2023). AI for thesis writing — Unveiling 7 best AI tools. SciSpace. https://typeset.io/resources/ai-for-thesis-writing/
Wang, H., Fu, T., Du, Y., et al. (2023). Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence. Nature, 620(47-60). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06221-2
Zastudil, C., Rogalska, M., Kapp, C., Vaughn, J., & MacNeil, S. (2023, January 1). Generative AI in Computing Education: Perspectives of Students and Instructors. Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.
Zhao, P., Zhang, X., Cheng, M., Yang, J., & Li, X. (2024, February 20). Aa literature review of literature reviews in pattern analysis and machine intelligence. Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.
Zheng, C., Yuan, K., Guo, B., Hadi Mogavi, R., Peng, Z., Ma, S., & Ma, X. (2024, May). Charting the Future of AI in Project-Based Learning: A Co-Design Exploration with Students. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-19).
Zvirgzdauskaite, L. (2024). Enhancing personalized learning through AI in higher education. Computers & Education, 85(3), 210–223.