Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
With discussions across disciplines, AI technologies are here to stay. For both professors and students, academic debates raise ethical and moral questions. This study attempts to address the latter issue through these research questions: Can graduate theology scholars use ChatGPT for their publications? What are the advantages and drawbacks of using ChatGPT in scholarly publications for graduate Theology students? What are the implications for graduate Theology students? What guidelines should be followed when using ChatGPT? The literature shows that professors are already worried about potential scholastic perversions resulting in plagiarism and academic fraud. Originality, creativity, synthesis, and critical thinking, diligent editing are still necessary. AI technologies have theological ramifications for soteriology and ecclesiology. ChatGPT's biblical knowledge is theologically unsound and prone to errors. It’s unreliable in translations of ancient Biblical texts and should not replace professional knowledge of languages, particularly when handling intricate linguistic problems. Thus, AI technology should be viewed as a supportive tool for missions. It should not replace spiritual discernment, the Holy Spirit's guidance, theological understanding, or insights into the Christian experience.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Mahlon Nyongesa Juma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Baidoo-Anu, D., & Ansah, L. O. (2023). Education in the era of generative artificial intelligence (AI): Understanding the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting teaching and learning. Journal of AI, 7(1), 52-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4337484
- Birks, D., & Clare, J. (2023). Linking artificial intelligence facilitated academic misconduct to existing prevention frameworks. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 19(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-023-00142-3
- Boas, P. J. F. V., & Boas, J. V. P. D. V. V. (2023). The use of ChatGPT in scientific publishing. Geriatrics, Gerontology and Aging, 17, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.53886/gga.e0230027
- Bom, H. S. H. (2023). Exploring the opportunities and challenges of ChatGPT in academic writing: a roundtable discussion. Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 57(4), 165-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-023-00809-2
- Brown, I., & Marsden, C. T. (2023). Regulating code: Good governance and better regulation in the information age. MIT Press.
- Chrisinger, B. W. (2023). It's not just our students—ChatGPT is coming for faculty writing. The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e7f7500-2530-4235-b2ff-38ec52db4af2/files/rqz20st37x
- Dempere, J., Modugu, K., Hesham, A., & Ramasamy, L. K. (2023). The impact of ChatGPT on higher education. Frontiers in Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1206936
- Drucker, D. C. (1954). Coulomb friction, plasticity, and limit loads. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4010821
- Firat, M. (2023). What ChatGPT means for universities: Perceptions of scholars and students. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.22
- Frick, L., & Mason, S. (2022, March). Theses by Publication: A comparative analysis of university policies in two countries. In 8th Postgraduate Supervision Conference.
- Garcia, M. (2023). Deconstructing Complex Theological Concepts for AI Analysis. Theology and Science, 21(1), 56 – 73
- Goldberg, Y. (2022). "Error Analysis in AI-Assisted Biblical Research". Computational Linguistics and Theology, 7(2), 89-106.
- Horton, L. (2023). The Relationship Between Nurses’ Involvement in Artificial Intelligence Selection, Planning, and Implementation and Their Attitudes Toward the Influence of Technology on Nursing Care [Ph.D., Oklahoma City University]. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2896710094/abstract/C8D2BA2C185B4DACPQ/1
- Jennifer A. Kingston, “Religious Leaders Experiment with ChatGPT Sermons,” Axios (March 10, 2023). https://www.axios.com/2023/03/10/pastors-chatgpt-sermons-rabbi-minister.
- Johnson, L. (2022). "Comparing AI. And Human Expertise in Biblical Exegesis". Theological Studies, 83 (4), 678 – 695.
- Kim, E. (2024). Leveraging ChatGPT for Deeper Bible Study. Fountain of Life Publishers.
- Kocak, Z. (2024). Publication Ethics in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 39(33). https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e249
- Koch, Lorin. (2023). ChatGPT in the Classroom: Uses, Limitations, and Student and Teacher Experiences. The Journal of Adventist Education 85(3), 4-10. https://doi.org/10.55668/jae0046
- Kulkarni, M., Mantere, S., Vaara, E., van den Broek, E., Pachidi, S., Glaser, V. L., Gehman, J., Petriglieri, G., Lindebaum, D., Cameron, L. D., Rahman, H. A., Islam, G., & Greenwood, M. (2024). The Future of Research in an Artificial Intelligence-Driven World. Journal of Management Inquiry, 10564926231219622. https://doi.org/10.1177/10564926231219622
- Lazar, N., Byrns, J., Crowe, D., McGinty, M., Abraham, A., Guo, M., ... & Wager, M. (2023). Perils and opportunities of ChatGPT: a high school perspective. Harvard Data Science Review, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.9f0adc39
- Lebacqz, K. (2022). "Artificial Intelligence and Divine Revelation: Theological Reflections on AI in Biblical Hermeneutics". Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science, 57(4), 1028-1044.
- Louw, E. (2023, September 28). Ministry and artificial intelligence: The new frontier. Ministry. 95(9), 7 -10.
- Marbun, T. (2023). The Implementation of Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT, And Critical Thinking Method for Academic Endeavours at Theological Higher Education. Journal Didaskalia, 6(2), 84-100. https://doi.org/10.33856/didaskalia.v6i2.309
- Markuckas, M. (2022). On the question of the possibility to replace the human with technology in the creative process. Deliberatio: Studies in Contemporary Philosophical Challenges, 2(2), 133-146. https://deliberatio.uvt.ro/
- Meckler, L. & Verma, P. (December 29, 2022). Teachers are on alert for inevitable cheating after the release of ChatGPT. Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/12/28/chatbot-cheating-ai-chatbotgpt-teachers/
- Munawar, H. B., & Misirlis, N. (2024). ChatGPT in Classrooms: Transforming Challenges into Opportunities in Education (No. arXiv:2405.10645). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2405.10645
- Naghiyev, K. (2024). ChatGPT From a Data Protection Perspective. Baku State University Law Review. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4818860
- Roose, K. (2023, January 18). Don't Ban ChatGPT in schools. Teach with it. International New York Times, NA. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/technology/chatgpt-schools-teachers.html
- Rosenblatt, K. (2023, January 5). ChatGPT Banned from New York City Public Schools' Devices and Networks, NBC NEWS. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/new-york-city-public-schools-ban-chatgpt-devices-networks-rcna64446
- Roitblat, H. L. (2020). Algorithms are not enough: Creating general artificial intelligence. Mit Press.
- Shankland, S. (2022). ChatGPT: Why everyone is obsessed this mind-blowing AI chatbot. CNET https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/why-everyones-obsessed-with-chatgpt-a-mind-blowing-ai-chatbot/, 2022,
- Shrivastava, R. (2022). Teachers fear ChatGPT will make cheating easier than ever. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/rashishrivastava/2022/12/12/teachers-fear-chatgpt-will-make-cheating-easier-than-ever/
- Stokel-Walker, C. (2023a). ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: Many scientists disapprove. Nature, 613. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00107-z
- Stokel-Walker, C. (2022). AI bot ChatGPT writes smart essays-should academics worry? Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-04397-7
- Stokel-Walker, C. (2023b). What can be done to ease today’s pressures in the NHS? BMJ, 380. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p88
- Susarla, A., Gopal, R., Thatcher, J. B., & Sarker, S. (2023). The Janus effect of generative AI: Charting the path for responsible conduct of scholarly activities in information systems. Information Systems Research, 34(2), 399-408. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2023.ed.v34.n2
- Tallman, J.R., & Marlowe, W. C. (2024). ChatGPT and the Network Generation: Theological Discussions with ChatGPT on Christ and Culture. https://www.abhe.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Walker_Tzeng_PreReading-Research-Paper-ChatGPT-and-the-Network-Generation-Dr-Walker-Tzeng.pdf
- Thompson, R. (2023). Balancing AI assistance and personal engagement in scripture study. Christian Education Journal, 20(1), 89 – 106. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/gradprojects/451
- Thorp, H. H. (2023). ChatGPT is fun, but not an author. Science, 379(6630), 313–313. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg7879
- Wilson, E. (2023). The future of biblical resources in the age of AI. Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology, 77(3), 267-284.
- Van Dis, E. A., Bollen, J., Zuidema, W., Van Rooij, R., & Bockting, C. L. (2023). ChatGPT: Five priorities for research. Nature, 614(7947), 224-226.
- Van Slyke, C., Johnson, R. D., & Sarabadani, J. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence in information systems education: Challenges, consequences, and responses. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 53(1), 1-21. https://doi.org.10.17705/1CAIS.05301
- Wang, J., Liardét, C., & Lum, J. (2024). Feeling like an academic writer: an exploration of doctoral student’s struggle for recognition. Students in Continuing Education, I –17. https://doi.org.10.1080/0158037X.2024.2358006.
References
Baidoo-Anu, D., & Ansah, L. O. (2023). Education in the era of generative artificial intelligence (AI): Understanding the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting teaching and learning. Journal of AI, 7(1), 52-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4337484
Birks, D., & Clare, J. (2023). Linking artificial intelligence facilitated academic misconduct to existing prevention frameworks. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 19(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-023-00142-3
Boas, P. J. F. V., & Boas, J. V. P. D. V. V. (2023). The use of ChatGPT in scientific publishing. Geriatrics, Gerontology and Aging, 17, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.53886/gga.e0230027
Bom, H. S. H. (2023). Exploring the opportunities and challenges of ChatGPT in academic writing: a roundtable discussion. Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 57(4), 165-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-023-00809-2
Brown, I., & Marsden, C. T. (2023). Regulating code: Good governance and better regulation in the information age. MIT Press.
Chrisinger, B. W. (2023). It's not just our students—ChatGPT is coming for faculty writing. The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e7f7500-2530-4235-b2ff-38ec52db4af2/files/rqz20st37x
Dempere, J., Modugu, K., Hesham, A., & Ramasamy, L. K. (2023). The impact of ChatGPT on higher education. Frontiers in Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1206936
Drucker, D. C. (1954). Coulomb friction, plasticity, and limit loads. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4010821
Firat, M. (2023). What ChatGPT means for universities: Perceptions of scholars and students. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.22
Frick, L., & Mason, S. (2022, March). Theses by Publication: A comparative analysis of university policies in two countries. In 8th Postgraduate Supervision Conference.
Garcia, M. (2023). Deconstructing Complex Theological Concepts for AI Analysis. Theology and Science, 21(1), 56 – 73
Goldberg, Y. (2022). "Error Analysis in AI-Assisted Biblical Research". Computational Linguistics and Theology, 7(2), 89-106.
Horton, L. (2023). The Relationship Between Nurses’ Involvement in Artificial Intelligence Selection, Planning, and Implementation and Their Attitudes Toward the Influence of Technology on Nursing Care [Ph.D., Oklahoma City University]. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2896710094/abstract/C8D2BA2C185B4DACPQ/1
Jennifer A. Kingston, “Religious Leaders Experiment with ChatGPT Sermons,” Axios (March 10, 2023). https://www.axios.com/2023/03/10/pastors-chatgpt-sermons-rabbi-minister.
Johnson, L. (2022). "Comparing AI. And Human Expertise in Biblical Exegesis". Theological Studies, 83 (4), 678 – 695.
Kim, E. (2024). Leveraging ChatGPT for Deeper Bible Study. Fountain of Life Publishers.
Kocak, Z. (2024). Publication Ethics in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 39(33). https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e249
Koch, Lorin. (2023). ChatGPT in the Classroom: Uses, Limitations, and Student and Teacher Experiences. The Journal of Adventist Education 85(3), 4-10. https://doi.org/10.55668/jae0046
Kulkarni, M., Mantere, S., Vaara, E., van den Broek, E., Pachidi, S., Glaser, V. L., Gehman, J., Petriglieri, G., Lindebaum, D., Cameron, L. D., Rahman, H. A., Islam, G., & Greenwood, M. (2024). The Future of Research in an Artificial Intelligence-Driven World. Journal of Management Inquiry, 10564926231219622. https://doi.org/10.1177/10564926231219622
Lazar, N., Byrns, J., Crowe, D., McGinty, M., Abraham, A., Guo, M., ... & Wager, M. (2023). Perils and opportunities of ChatGPT: a high school perspective. Harvard Data Science Review, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.9f0adc39
Lebacqz, K. (2022). "Artificial Intelligence and Divine Revelation: Theological Reflections on AI in Biblical Hermeneutics". Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science, 57(4), 1028-1044.
Louw, E. (2023, September 28). Ministry and artificial intelligence: The new frontier. Ministry. 95(9), 7 -10.
Marbun, T. (2023). The Implementation of Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT, And Critical Thinking Method for Academic Endeavours at Theological Higher Education. Journal Didaskalia, 6(2), 84-100. https://doi.org/10.33856/didaskalia.v6i2.309
Markuckas, M. (2022). On the question of the possibility to replace the human with technology in the creative process. Deliberatio: Studies in Contemporary Philosophical Challenges, 2(2), 133-146. https://deliberatio.uvt.ro/
Meckler, L. & Verma, P. (December 29, 2022). Teachers are on alert for inevitable cheating after the release of ChatGPT. Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/12/28/chatbot-cheating-ai-chatbotgpt-teachers/
Munawar, H. B., & Misirlis, N. (2024). ChatGPT in Classrooms: Transforming Challenges into Opportunities in Education (No. arXiv:2405.10645). arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2405.10645
Naghiyev, K. (2024). ChatGPT From a Data Protection Perspective. Baku State University Law Review. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4818860
Roose, K. (2023, January 18). Don't Ban ChatGPT in schools. Teach with it. International New York Times, NA. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/technology/chatgpt-schools-teachers.html
Rosenblatt, K. (2023, January 5). ChatGPT Banned from New York City Public Schools' Devices and Networks, NBC NEWS. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/new-york-city-public-schools-ban-chatgpt-devices-networks-rcna64446
Roitblat, H. L. (2020). Algorithms are not enough: Creating general artificial intelligence. Mit Press.
Shankland, S. (2022). ChatGPT: Why everyone is obsessed this mind-blowing AI chatbot. CNET https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/why-everyones-obsessed-with-chatgpt-a-mind-blowing-ai-chatbot/, 2022,
Shrivastava, R. (2022). Teachers fear ChatGPT will make cheating easier than ever. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/rashishrivastava/2022/12/12/teachers-fear-chatgpt-will-make-cheating-easier-than-ever/
Stokel-Walker, C. (2023a). ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: Many scientists disapprove. Nature, 613. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-00107-z
Stokel-Walker, C. (2022). AI bot ChatGPT writes smart essays-should academics worry? Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-04397-7
Stokel-Walker, C. (2023b). What can be done to ease today’s pressures in the NHS? BMJ, 380. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p88
Susarla, A., Gopal, R., Thatcher, J. B., & Sarker, S. (2023). The Janus effect of generative AI: Charting the path for responsible conduct of scholarly activities in information systems. Information Systems Research, 34(2), 399-408. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2023.ed.v34.n2
Tallman, J.R., & Marlowe, W. C. (2024). ChatGPT and the Network Generation: Theological Discussions with ChatGPT on Christ and Culture. https://www.abhe.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Walker_Tzeng_PreReading-Research-Paper-ChatGPT-and-the-Network-Generation-Dr-Walker-Tzeng.pdf
Thompson, R. (2023). Balancing AI assistance and personal engagement in scripture study. Christian Education Journal, 20(1), 89 – 106. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/gradprojects/451
Thorp, H. H. (2023). ChatGPT is fun, but not an author. Science, 379(6630), 313–313. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg7879
Wilson, E. (2023). The future of biblical resources in the age of AI. Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology, 77(3), 267-284.
Van Dis, E. A., Bollen, J., Zuidema, W., Van Rooij, R., & Bockting, C. L. (2023). ChatGPT: Five priorities for research. Nature, 614(7947), 224-226.
Van Slyke, C., Johnson, R. D., & Sarabadani, J. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence in information systems education: Challenges, consequences, and responses. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 53(1), 1-21. https://doi.org.10.17705/1CAIS.05301
Wang, J., Liardét, C., & Lum, J. (2024). Feeling like an academic writer: an exploration of doctoral student’s struggle for recognition. Students in Continuing Education, I –17. https://doi.org.10.1080/0158037X.2024.2358006.