Main Article Content
Abstract
A systematic review of contemporaneous empirical studies was conducted to identify the risk and protective factors of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity in adolescents in relation to their sexual behaviour. In addition, a comprehensive review of social science literature was performed using a ten–year period as a parameter (from 2009 to 2019) to capture recent trends. The justification for the systematic review was to report the findings from the analyses of this subsample of studies. This essay explains the article search procedure, followed by an overview and meta-synthesis of reviewed studies. The significance of this article is that it extends the existing knowledge to the area under investigation.
Keywords
Article Details
References
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- Allport, G.W., & Ross, J.M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Social Psychology, 5 (4), 423–443. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.5.4.432
- Alves, D.R., Colavizza, G., & Kaplan, F. (2018). Deep reference mining from scholarly literature in the arts and humanities. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 3(21). https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2018.00021
- American Psychological Association. (2022). Protective factor. In APA Dictionary of Psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/protective-factor
- Amoako-Agyeman, K. N. (2012). Adolescent religiosity and attitudes to HIV and AIDS in Ghana. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 9(4), 227-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2012.745665
- Amoateng, A. Y. (2017). Does religion affect sexual behaviour? Focus on first sexual intercourse among youth in Northwest University South Africa. Gender Behaviour, 15(2), 8879–8896. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-b1c492b08
- Ashley, G., Ramirez, O., & Cort, M. (2013). Attitudes towards sexual abstinence among Black Seventh-day Adventist college students. Christian Higher Education, 12 (5), 349–362. http://doi.org/10.1080/15363759.2013.824353
- Barton, A. L., Snider, J. B., Vazsonyi, A. T., & Cox, J. L. (2014). Adolescent religiosity as a mediator of the relationship between parental religiosity and adolescent health outcomes. Journal Of Religion and Health, 53(1), 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9596-7
- Batson, C. D., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1991). Measuring religion as quest: I. Validity concerns. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 30(4), 416–429. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387277
- Bearman, P.S., & Brückner, H. (2001). Promising the future: Virginity pledges and the transition to first intercourse. American Journal of Sociology, 106 (4), 859–912. http://doi.org/10.1086/320295
- Burdette, A. M., & Hill, T. D. (2009). Religious involvement and transitions into adolescent sexual activities. Sociology of Religion: A Quarterly Review, 70(1), 28–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srp011
- Carson, M. L. S. (2017). Circumcision of the heart: Extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity in Romans 1–5. The Expository Times, 128(8), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0014524617692461
- Chrastina, A. J. (2018 July 17). Section education and educational research meta-synthesis of qualitative studies: background, methodology and applications [Paper presentation). NORDSCI International Conference, Helsinki, Finland. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED603222.pdf
- Cobb-Leonard, K. & Scott-Jones, D. (2010). A belief-Behaviour gap? Exploring religiosity and sexual activity among high school seniors. Journal of Adolescent Research, 25(4), 578–600. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558409357732
- DeHaan, L. G., Yonker, J. E., & Affholter, C. (2011). More than enjoying the sunset:
- Conceptualization and measurement of religiosity for adolescents and emerging adults and its implications for developmental inquiry. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 30(3), 184–196.
- Davidson, J. K., Moore, N. B., & Ullstrup, K. M. (2004). Religiosity and sexual responsibility: Relationships of choice. American Journal of Health Behaviour, 28, 335–336. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.28.4.5
- DuRant R, Pendergrast R, & Seymore C. (1990). Sexual Behaviour among Hispanic female adolescents in the United States. Pediatrics, 85(6), 1051–1058.
- Edwards, L. M., Haglund, K., Fehring, R. J., & Pruszynski, J. (2011). Religiosity and sexual risk Behaviours among Latina adolescents: Trends from 1995 to 2008. Journal of Women’s Health, 20(6), 871–877. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2010.1949
- Espinosa, G. (2008). The influence of religion on Latino education, marriage, and social views in the United States. Marriage & Family Review, 45, 205–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494920802072439
- Fehring, R., Cheever, K., German, K., & Philpot, C. (1998). Religiosity and sexual activity among older adolescents. Journal of Religion and Health, 37, 229–247.
- Gold, M. A., Sheftel, A. V., Chiappetta, L., Young, A. J., Zuckoff, A., DiClemente, C. C., & Primack, B. A. (2010). Associations between Religiosity and Sexual and Contraceptive Behaviours. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 23(5), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2010.02.012
- Gyimah, S.O., Kodzi, I., Emina, J., Cofie, N., & Ezeh A. (2013). Religion, religiosity and premarital sexual attitudes of young people in the informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Biosocial Science, 45, 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932012000168
- Jaume, L., Simkin, H., & Etchezahar, E. (2013). Religious as quest and its relationship with intrinsic and extrinsic orientation. International Journal of Psychological Research, 6(2), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.688
- Haglund, K. A., & Fehring, R. J. (2010). The association of religiosity, sexual education, and parental factors with risky sexual Behaviours among adolescents and young adults. Journal of Religion and Health, 49(4), 460–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-009-9267-5
- Hatcher, S. S., Burley, J. T., & Lee-Ouga, W. I. (2008). HIV prevention programs in the Black church: A viable health promotion resource for African American women? Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 17(3-4), 309–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911350802067898.
- Hardy, S. A., & Raffaelli, M. (2003). Adolescent religiosity and sexuality: an investigation of reciprocal influences. Journal of Adolescence, 26(6), 731–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.09.003
- Hawes, S. M., & Berkley-Patton, J. Y. (2014). Religiosity and risky sexual Behaviours among an African American Church-based Population. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(2), 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9651-4
- Hollander, D. (2003). Teenage women who are devoted to their religion have reduced sexual risk. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 35 (2), 107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-2393.2003.tb00119
- Hull, S. J., Hennessy, M., Bleakley, A., Fishbein, M., & Jordan, A. (2011). Identifying the causal pathways from religiosity to delayed adolescent sexual Behaviour. Journal of Sex Research, 48(6), 543–553. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2010.521868
- Lammers, C, Ireland M, Resnick M, & Blum, R. (2000). Influences on adolescents’ decision to postpone onset of sexual intercourse: A survival analysis of virginity among youths aged 13 to 18 years. Journal of Adolescent Health. 26, 42–48.
- Landor, A., Simons, L., Simons, R., Brody, G., & Gibbons, F. (2011). The role of religiosity in the relationship between parents, peers, and adolescent risky sexual behaviour. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 40, 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9598-2
- Lefkowitz, E. S., Gillen, M. M., Shearer, C. L., & Boone, T. L. (2004). Religiosity, sexual Behaviours, and sexual attitudes during emerging adulthood. Journal of Sex Research, 41(2), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490409552223
- Liebowitz, S. W., Castellano, D. C., & Cuellar, I. (1999). Factors that Predict Sexual Behaviours among Young Mexican American Adolescents: An Exploratory Study. Hispanic Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 21(4), 470–479. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986399214006
- Lyons, H. A., & Smith, S. J. (2014). Religiosity and the transition to nonmarital parity. Sexuality Research & Social Policy: A Journal of the NSRC, 11(2), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-014-0153-x
- Manlove, J. S., Terry-Humen, E., Ikramullah, E. N., & Moore, K. A. (2006). The role of parent religiosity in teens’ transitions to sex and contraception. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(4), 578–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.03.008
- McMillen, E.K., Herbert, W.H., & McBride, D.C., (2011). Religious orientation and sexual attitudes and behaviour. Journal of Research on Christian Education, 20, 195–206. http://doi.org/10.1080/10656219.2011.590755
- Meier, A.M. (2003). Adolescents’ transition to first intercourse, religiosity, and attitudes about sex. Social Forces, 81 (3), 1031–1052. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2003.0039
- Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. (2022). Religiosity. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/religiosity
- Muhammad, N. A., Shamsuddin, K., Sulaiman, Z., Amin, R. M., & Omar, K. (2017). Role of religion in preventing youth sexual activity in Malaysia: A mixed methods study. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(6), 1916–1929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0185-z
- Miller, L., & Gur, M. (2002). Religiousness and sexual responsibility in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31 (5), 401–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00403-2
- Munnik, E. (2018). The development of a screening tool for assessing emotional social competence in preschoolers as a domain of school readiness. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Western Cape Province of South Africa
- Musgrave, C. F., Allen, C. E., & Allen, G. J. (2002). Spirituality and health for women. American Journal of Public Health, 92(4), 557–560. doi:10.2105/AJPH.92.4.557.
- Nonnemaker, J.M., McNeely, C.A., 7 Blum, R.W. (2003). Public and private domains of religiosity and adolescent health risk Behaviours: Evidence from the National Longitudinal of Adolescent Health. Social Science Med, 57 (11), 2049–2054. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00096-0
- Papalia, D.E., & Martorell, G. (2021). Experience human development. (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Petticrew, M., Rehfuess, E., Noyes, J., Higgins, J. P. T., Mayhew, A., Pantoja, T., Shemilt, I., & Sowden, A. (2013). Synthesizing evidence on complex interventions: how meta-analytical, qualitative, and mixed-method approaches can contribute. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 66(11), 1230–1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLINEPI.2013.06.005
- Rathus, S.A. (2020). HDEV3. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
- Regnerus, M. D. (2007). Forbidden fruit: Sex and religion in the lives of American teenagers. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320947.001.0001
- Rostosky, S.S., Regnerus, M.D., & Wright, M. L. (2003). Coital debut: The role of religiosity and sex attitudes in the Add Health Survey. Journal of Sex Research, 40 (4), 358 – 367. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490209552202
- Sherr, M. E., & Dyer, P. M. (2010). Evaluating a comprehensive abstinence-based program for minority youth: Comparing church and public school outcomes. Social Work & Christianity, 37(1), 28–44.
- Sinha, J.W., Cnaan, R.A., Gelles, R.J. (2007). Adolescent risk Behaviours and religion: Findings from a national study. Journal of Adolescence, 30 (2), 231–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.02.005
- Steinman, K. J., & Zimmerman, M.A. (2004). Religious activity and risk Behaviour among African American adolescents: Concurrent and developmental effects. American Journal of Community Psychology, 33 (3/4), 151 – 161. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:ajcp.0000027002.93526.bb
- Sterk, C.E., Klein, H., & Elifson, K.W. (2003). Perceived condom use self-efficacy among at risk women. AIDS and Behaviour, 7, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023950425731
- Taggart, T., Gottfredson, N., Powell, W., Ennett, S., Chatters, L. M., Carter-Edwards, L., & Eng, E. (2018). The Role of Religious Socialization and Religiosity in African American and Caribbean Black Adolescents’ Sexual Initiation. Journal of Religion and Health, 57(5), 1889–1904 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0605-3
- Thornton, A., & Camburn, D. (1989). Religious participation and adolescent sexual Behaviour and attitudes. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51(3), 641–653. https://doi.org/10.2307/352164
- Vasilenko, S. A., & Espinosa-Hernández, G. (2019). Multidimensional profiles of religiosity among adolescents: associations with sexual behaviours and romantic relationships. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(2), 414–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12444
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References
Atkins, S., Lewin, S., Smith, H., Engel, M., Fretheim, A., & Volmink, J. (2008). Conducting a meta-ethnography of qualitative literature: Lessons learnt. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-21
Allport, G.W., & Ross, J.M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Social Psychology, 5 (4), 423–443. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.5.4.432
Alves, D.R., Colavizza, G., & Kaplan, F. (2018). Deep reference mining from scholarly literature in the arts and humanities. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 3(21). https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2018.00021
American Psychological Association. (2022). Protective factor. In APA Dictionary of Psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/protective-factor
Amoako-Agyeman, K. N. (2012). Adolescent religiosity and attitudes to HIV and AIDS in Ghana. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 9(4), 227-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2012.745665
Amoateng, A. Y. (2017). Does religion affect sexual behaviour? Focus on first sexual intercourse among youth in Northwest University South Africa. Gender Behaviour, 15(2), 8879–8896. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-b1c492b08
Ashley, G., Ramirez, O., & Cort, M. (2013). Attitudes towards sexual abstinence among Black Seventh-day Adventist college students. Christian Higher Education, 12 (5), 349–362. http://doi.org/10.1080/15363759.2013.824353
Barton, A. L., Snider, J. B., Vazsonyi, A. T., & Cox, J. L. (2014). Adolescent religiosity as a mediator of the relationship between parental religiosity and adolescent health outcomes. Journal Of Religion and Health, 53(1), 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9596-7
Batson, C. D., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1991). Measuring religion as quest: I. Validity concerns. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 30(4), 416–429. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387277
Bearman, P.S., & Brückner, H. (2001). Promising the future: Virginity pledges and the transition to first intercourse. American Journal of Sociology, 106 (4), 859–912. http://doi.org/10.1086/320295
Burdette, A. M., & Hill, T. D. (2009). Religious involvement and transitions into adolescent sexual activities. Sociology of Religion: A Quarterly Review, 70(1), 28–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srp011
Carson, M. L. S. (2017). Circumcision of the heart: Extrinsic and intrinsic religiosity in Romans 1–5. The Expository Times, 128(8), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0014524617692461
Chrastina, A. J. (2018 July 17). Section education and educational research meta-synthesis of qualitative studies: background, methodology and applications [Paper presentation). NORDSCI International Conference, Helsinki, Finland. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED603222.pdf
Cobb-Leonard, K. & Scott-Jones, D. (2010). A belief-Behaviour gap? Exploring religiosity and sexual activity among high school seniors. Journal of Adolescent Research, 25(4), 578–600. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558409357732
DeHaan, L. G., Yonker, J. E., & Affholter, C. (2011). More than enjoying the sunset:
Conceptualization and measurement of religiosity for adolescents and emerging adults and its implications for developmental inquiry. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 30(3), 184–196.
Davidson, J. K., Moore, N. B., & Ullstrup, K. M. (2004). Religiosity and sexual responsibility: Relationships of choice. American Journal of Health Behaviour, 28, 335–336. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.28.4.5
DuRant R, Pendergrast R, & Seymore C. (1990). Sexual Behaviour among Hispanic female adolescents in the United States. Pediatrics, 85(6), 1051–1058.
Edwards, L. M., Haglund, K., Fehring, R. J., & Pruszynski, J. (2011). Religiosity and sexual risk Behaviours among Latina adolescents: Trends from 1995 to 2008. Journal of Women’s Health, 20(6), 871–877. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2010.1949
Espinosa, G. (2008). The influence of religion on Latino education, marriage, and social views in the United States. Marriage & Family Review, 45, 205–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494920802072439
Fehring, R., Cheever, K., German, K., & Philpot, C. (1998). Religiosity and sexual activity among older adolescents. Journal of Religion and Health, 37, 229–247.
Gold, M. A., Sheftel, A. V., Chiappetta, L., Young, A. J., Zuckoff, A., DiClemente, C. C., & Primack, B. A. (2010). Associations between Religiosity and Sexual and Contraceptive Behaviours. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 23(5), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2010.02.012
Gyimah, S.O., Kodzi, I., Emina, J., Cofie, N., & Ezeh A. (2013). Religion, religiosity and premarital sexual attitudes of young people in the informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Biosocial Science, 45, 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932012000168
Jaume, L., Simkin, H., & Etchezahar, E. (2013). Religious as quest and its relationship with intrinsic and extrinsic orientation. International Journal of Psychological Research, 6(2), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.688
Haglund, K. A., & Fehring, R. J. (2010). The association of religiosity, sexual education, and parental factors with risky sexual Behaviours among adolescents and young adults. Journal of Religion and Health, 49(4), 460–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-009-9267-5
Hatcher, S. S., Burley, J. T., & Lee-Ouga, W. I. (2008). HIV prevention programs in the Black church: A viable health promotion resource for African American women? Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 17(3-4), 309–324. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911350802067898.
Hardy, S. A., & Raffaelli, M. (2003). Adolescent religiosity and sexuality: an investigation of reciprocal influences. Journal of Adolescence, 26(6), 731–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.09.003
Hawes, S. M., & Berkley-Patton, J. Y. (2014). Religiosity and risky sexual Behaviours among an African American Church-based Population. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(2), 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9651-4
Hollander, D. (2003). Teenage women who are devoted to their religion have reduced sexual risk. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 35 (2), 107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-2393.2003.tb00119
Hull, S. J., Hennessy, M., Bleakley, A., Fishbein, M., & Jordan, A. (2011). Identifying the causal pathways from religiosity to delayed adolescent sexual Behaviour. Journal of Sex Research, 48(6), 543–553. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2010.521868
Lammers, C, Ireland M, Resnick M, & Blum, R. (2000). Influences on adolescents’ decision to postpone onset of sexual intercourse: A survival analysis of virginity among youths aged 13 to 18 years. Journal of Adolescent Health. 26, 42–48.
Landor, A., Simons, L., Simons, R., Brody, G., & Gibbons, F. (2011). The role of religiosity in the relationship between parents, peers, and adolescent risky sexual behaviour. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 40, 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9598-2
Lefkowitz, E. S., Gillen, M. M., Shearer, C. L., & Boone, T. L. (2004). Religiosity, sexual Behaviours, and sexual attitudes during emerging adulthood. Journal of Sex Research, 41(2), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490409552223
Liebowitz, S. W., Castellano, D. C., & Cuellar, I. (1999). Factors that Predict Sexual Behaviours among Young Mexican American Adolescents: An Exploratory Study. Hispanic Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 21(4), 470–479. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986399214006
Lyons, H. A., & Smith, S. J. (2014). Religiosity and the transition to nonmarital parity. Sexuality Research & Social Policy: A Journal of the NSRC, 11(2), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-014-0153-x
Manlove, J. S., Terry-Humen, E., Ikramullah, E. N., & Moore, K. A. (2006). The role of parent religiosity in teens’ transitions to sex and contraception. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(4), 578–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.03.008
McMillen, E.K., Herbert, W.H., & McBride, D.C., (2011). Religious orientation and sexual attitudes and behaviour. Journal of Research on Christian Education, 20, 195–206. http://doi.org/10.1080/10656219.2011.590755
Meier, A.M. (2003). Adolescents’ transition to first intercourse, religiosity, and attitudes about sex. Social Forces, 81 (3), 1031–1052. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2003.0039
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. (2022). Religiosity. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/religiosity
Muhammad, N. A., Shamsuddin, K., Sulaiman, Z., Amin, R. M., & Omar, K. (2017). Role of religion in preventing youth sexual activity in Malaysia: A mixed methods study. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(6), 1916–1929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0185-z
Miller, L., & Gur, M. (2002). Religiousness and sexual responsibility in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31 (5), 401–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00403-2
Munnik, E. (2018). The development of a screening tool for assessing emotional social competence in preschoolers as a domain of school readiness. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Western Cape Province of South Africa
Musgrave, C. F., Allen, C. E., & Allen, G. J. (2002). Spirituality and health for women. American Journal of Public Health, 92(4), 557–560. doi:10.2105/AJPH.92.4.557.
Nonnemaker, J.M., McNeely, C.A., 7 Blum, R.W. (2003). Public and private domains of religiosity and adolescent health risk Behaviours: Evidence from the National Longitudinal of Adolescent Health. Social Science Med, 57 (11), 2049–2054. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00096-0
Papalia, D.E., & Martorell, G. (2021). Experience human development. (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Petticrew, M., Rehfuess, E., Noyes, J., Higgins, J. P. T., Mayhew, A., Pantoja, T., Shemilt, I., & Sowden, A. (2013). Synthesizing evidence on complex interventions: how meta-analytical, qualitative, and mixed-method approaches can contribute. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 66(11), 1230–1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLINEPI.2013.06.005
Rathus, S.A. (2020). HDEV3. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Regnerus, M. D. (2007). Forbidden fruit: Sex and religion in the lives of American teenagers. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320947.001.0001
Rostosky, S.S., Regnerus, M.D., & Wright, M. L. (2003). Coital debut: The role of religiosity and sex attitudes in the Add Health Survey. Journal of Sex Research, 40 (4), 358 – 367. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490209552202
Sherr, M. E., & Dyer, P. M. (2010). Evaluating a comprehensive abstinence-based program for minority youth: Comparing church and public school outcomes. Social Work & Christianity, 37(1), 28–44.
Sinha, J.W., Cnaan, R.A., Gelles, R.J. (2007). Adolescent risk Behaviours and religion: Findings from a national study. Journal of Adolescence, 30 (2), 231–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.02.005
Steinman, K. J., & Zimmerman, M.A. (2004). Religious activity and risk Behaviour among African American adolescents: Concurrent and developmental effects. American Journal of Community Psychology, 33 (3/4), 151 – 161. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:ajcp.0000027002.93526.bb
Sterk, C.E., Klein, H., & Elifson, K.W. (2003). Perceived condom use self-efficacy among at risk women. AIDS and Behaviour, 7, 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023950425731
Taggart, T., Gottfredson, N., Powell, W., Ennett, S., Chatters, L. M., Carter-Edwards, L., & Eng, E. (2018). The Role of Religious Socialization and Religiosity in African American and Caribbean Black Adolescents’ Sexual Initiation. Journal of Religion and Health, 57(5), 1889–1904 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0605-3
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