Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study examined the interplay between academic interest and academic performance among
high school students in Uganda, with emphasis on the role of motivation in learning. The study
was guided by Self-Determination and Expectancy–Value Theories. A quantitative correlational
design was employed, involving 297 students selected through proportionate stratified random
sampling. Academic interest was measured using a 19-item questionnaire, while academic
performance was assessed using promotional grades. Data were analyzed using descriptive
statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and simple linear regression. Results indicated generally high
levels of academic interest among students. Significant positive relationships were observed
between academic interest and performance in arts subjects (r = .167, p < .01) and overall
academic achievement (r = .138, p < .05). However, no statistically significant relationship
was observed between academic interest and science performance (r = .102, p = .077). The
study concluded that academic interest contributes to overall academic performance, though its
influence varies across subject areas. We recommend that educators adopt interest-enhancing
strategies, particularly in science subjects, to improve student engagement and learning outcomes.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2026 Moris Matembu Kipuru, Loyce Kiiza Kobusingye, Maliko Kisembo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- References
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- Amegah, A. (2024). A non-conformist choice: How young women studying science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in technical institutes in Ghana navigate their education and career decision. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 77(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2024.2330095
- Artino, A. R., Simons, R. J., & Konopasky, A. (2022). Self-regulated learning. In K. N. Huggett, K. M. Quesnelle, & W. B. Jeffries (Eds.), An introduction to medical teaching (Vol. 20, pp. 25–43). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85524-6_3
- Berlyne, D. E. (1949). Interest as a psychological concept. British Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1949.tb00219.x
- Chen, C. (2002). Self-regulated learning strategies and achievement in an introduction to information systems course. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 20(1), 11–23.
- Deci, E. (2017). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination. In the Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.05613-3
- Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 109–132. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135153
- Ergen, B., & Kanadlı, S. (2017). The effect of self-regulated learning strategies on academic achievement: A meta-analysis study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 17(69), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2017.69.4
- Harackiewicz, J. M., Smith, J. L., & Priniski, S. J. (2016). Interest matters: The importance of promoting interest in education. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(2), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732216655542
- Hardway, C. (2020). Of interest and engagement: The emotional force of learning and development. In M. F. Mascolo & T. R. Bidell (Eds.), Handbook of integrative developmental science: Essays in honor of Kurt W. Fischer (pp. 232–261). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003018599-9
- Hidi, S., & Renninger, K. A. (2019). Interest development and its relation to curiosity: Needed neuroscientific research. Educational Psychology Review, 31, Article 827–852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09491-3
- Iriyanto, G., Ruslim, F., & Sany. (2022). The effect of self-regulation on academic performance towards accounting students with student satisfaction as an intervening variable. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Business, Management and Accounting (ICOBIMA 2022) (pp. 311–325). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-39-8_30
- Jung, K. S. (2025). A longitudinal analysis of relations from motivation to self-regulatory strategy on academic achievement in academically higher-achieving students. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 34, 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-024-00843-4
- Kahu, E., Nelson, K., & Picton, C. (2017). Student interest as a key driver of engagement for first-year students. Student Success, 8(2), 55–66. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.593404254286347
- Mappadang, A., Khusaini, K., Sinaga, M., & Elizabeth, E. (2022). Academic interest determines the academic performance of undergraduate accounting students: Multinomial logit evidence. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2101326
- McGuire, M. (2025). Impact of competition-based learning on student engagement and performance. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2025.2512348
- Moussa, M. (2024). Autonomous motivation and goal pursuit as predictors of academic passion among psychology students in colleges of education: An evaluative study of the 2024/2025 Egyptian General Secondary Education reforms. م13, 238–27. https://doi.org/10.21608/foej.2024.334706.1295
- Neurohr, A. L., Pasch, N., Bergmann-Gering, A., & Möller, A. (2024). Linking students’ interest in nature to their self-reported pro-environmental behavior and nature activities – A cross-sectional study in grades 5 to 9. The Journal of Environmental Education, 55(6), 460–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2024.2364182
- Rajaram, K. (2023). Future of learning: Teaching and learning strategies. In Future of learning (pp. 3–53). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9201-8_1
- Razali, F. (2021). Exploring crucial factors of an interest in STEM career model among secondary school students. International Journal of Instruction, 14(2), 385–404. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14222a
- Reeve, J. (2024). Understanding motivation and emotion. John Wiley & Sons.
- Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. (2015). The power of interest for motivation and engagement (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315771045
- Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. E. (2020). To Level the Playing Field, Develop Interest. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732219864705 (Original work published 2020)
- Rotgans, J. I. (2017). Like it or not: Individual interest is not a cause but a consequence of learning. Rejoinder to Hidi and Renninger (2017). British Educational Research Journal.
- Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. E. (2020). To level the playing field, develop interest. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732219864705
- Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. E. (2021). Interest development, self-related information processing, and practice. Theory Into Practice, 61(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2021.1932159
- Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. E. (2021). Interest development, self-related information processing, and practice. Theory Into Practice, 61(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2021.1932159
- Renninger, K. A., Bachrach, J. E., & Hidi, S. E. (2019). Triggering and maintaining interest in early phases of interest development. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 23, 100260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2018.11.007
- Renninger, K. A., Hidi, S., Krapp, A., & Renninger, A. (2014). The role of interest in learning and development. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315807430
- Schiefele, U. (2009). Situational and individual interest. In Handbook of motivation at school (pp. 211-236). Routledge.
- Silvia, P. J. (2006). Exploring the psychology of interest. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158557.001.0001
- Shamim, S., Zeng, J., Khan, Z., & Zia, N. (2020). Big data analytics capability and decision-making performance in emerging market firms: The role of contractual and relational governance mechanisms. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 161, 120315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120315
- Szymańska, M. (2022). From personal to empirical interests in the light of the four-phase model by Suzanne D. Hidi and Ann K. Renninger, and selected narratives of qualitative research participants. Horyzonty Wychowania, 21(59), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.35765/hw.2022.2159.05
- Tin, T.B. (2016). Defining ‘Interest’: An Educational Psychological Perspective. In: Stimulating Student Interest in Language Learning. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-34042-9_3
- Wibrowski, C., Matthews, W., & Kitsantas, A. (2016). The role of a skills learning support program on first-generation college students’ self-regulation, motivation, and academic achievement: A longitudinal study. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 19(3), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025116629152
- Wild, S. (2023). Trajectories of subject-interests development and influence factors in higher education. Current Psychology, 42, 12879–12895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02691-7
- Yazid, N., & Ali, A. (2025). The role of attitude in student motivation: A study of Southern Zone vocational colleges. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i5/25459
- Zhou, Q., & Zhang, H. (2025). Flipped classroom teaching and ARCS motivation model: Impact on college students’ deep learning. Education Sciences, 15(4), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040517
- Zynuddin, S., Kenayathulla, H. B., & Sumintono, B. (2023). The relationship between school climate and students' non-cognitive skills: A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 9, e14773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14773
References
References
Akbay, T., Yildirim, S., & Toker, S. (2024). The effects of individual interest and goal-orientation on ordinary and worthy performance. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 37(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.56811/PIQ-22-0010
Amegah, A. (2024). A non-conformist choice: How young women studying science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in technical institutes in Ghana navigate their education and career decision. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 77(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2024.2330095
Artino, A. R., Simons, R. J., & Konopasky, A. (2022). Self-regulated learning. In K. N. Huggett, K. M. Quesnelle, & W. B. Jeffries (Eds.), An introduction to medical teaching (Vol. 20, pp. 25–43). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85524-6_3
Berlyne, D. E. (1949). Interest as a psychological concept. British Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1949.tb00219.x
Chen, C. (2002). Self-regulated learning strategies and achievement in an introduction to information systems course. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 20(1), 11–23.
Deci, E. (2017). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination. In the Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.05613-3
Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 109–132. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135153
Ergen, B., & Kanadlı, S. (2017). The effect of self-regulated learning strategies on academic achievement: A meta-analysis study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 17(69), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2017.69.4
Harackiewicz, J. M., Smith, J. L., & Priniski, S. J. (2016). Interest matters: The importance of promoting interest in education. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(2), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732216655542
Hardway, C. (2020). Of interest and engagement: The emotional force of learning and development. In M. F. Mascolo & T. R. Bidell (Eds.), Handbook of integrative developmental science: Essays in honor of Kurt W. Fischer (pp. 232–261). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003018599-9
Hidi, S., & Renninger, K. A. (2019). Interest development and its relation to curiosity: Needed neuroscientific research. Educational Psychology Review, 31, Article 827–852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09491-3
Iriyanto, G., Ruslim, F., & Sany. (2022). The effect of self-regulation on academic performance towards accounting students with student satisfaction as an intervening variable. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Business, Management and Accounting (ICOBIMA 2022) (pp. 311–325). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-39-8_30
Jung, K. S. (2025). A longitudinal analysis of relations from motivation to self-regulatory strategy on academic achievement in academically higher-achieving students. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 34, 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-024-00843-4
Kahu, E., Nelson, K., & Picton, C. (2017). Student interest as a key driver of engagement for first-year students. Student Success, 8(2), 55–66. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.593404254286347
Mappadang, A., Khusaini, K., Sinaga, M., & Elizabeth, E. (2022). Academic interest determines the academic performance of undergraduate accounting students: Multinomial logit evidence. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2101326
McGuire, M. (2025). Impact of competition-based learning on student engagement and performance. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2025.2512348
Moussa, M. (2024). Autonomous motivation and goal pursuit as predictors of academic passion among psychology students in colleges of education: An evaluative study of the 2024/2025 Egyptian General Secondary Education reforms. م13, 238–27. https://doi.org/10.21608/foej.2024.334706.1295
Neurohr, A. L., Pasch, N., Bergmann-Gering, A., & Möller, A. (2024). Linking students’ interest in nature to their self-reported pro-environmental behavior and nature activities – A cross-sectional study in grades 5 to 9. The Journal of Environmental Education, 55(6), 460–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2024.2364182
Rajaram, K. (2023). Future of learning: Teaching and learning strategies. In Future of learning (pp. 3–53). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9201-8_1
Razali, F. (2021). Exploring crucial factors of an interest in STEM career model among secondary school students. International Journal of Instruction, 14(2), 385–404. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14222a
Reeve, J. (2024). Understanding motivation and emotion. John Wiley & Sons.
Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. (2015). The power of interest for motivation and engagement (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315771045
Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. E. (2020). To Level the Playing Field, Develop Interest. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732219864705 (Original work published 2020)
Rotgans, J. I. (2017). Like it or not: Individual interest is not a cause but a consequence of learning. Rejoinder to Hidi and Renninger (2017). British Educational Research Journal.
Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. E. (2020). To level the playing field, develop interest. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732219864705
Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. E. (2021). Interest development, self-related information processing, and practice. Theory Into Practice, 61(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2021.1932159
Renninger, K. A., & Hidi, S. E. (2021). Interest development, self-related information processing, and practice. Theory Into Practice, 61(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2021.1932159
Renninger, K. A., Bachrach, J. E., & Hidi, S. E. (2019). Triggering and maintaining interest in early phases of interest development. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 23, 100260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2018.11.007
Renninger, K. A., Hidi, S., Krapp, A., & Renninger, A. (2014). The role of interest in learning and development. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315807430
Schiefele, U. (2009). Situational and individual interest. In Handbook of motivation at school (pp. 211-236). Routledge.
Silvia, P. J. (2006). Exploring the psychology of interest. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158557.001.0001
Shamim, S., Zeng, J., Khan, Z., & Zia, N. (2020). Big data analytics capability and decision-making performance in emerging market firms: The role of contractual and relational governance mechanisms. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 161, 120315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120315
Szymańska, M. (2022). From personal to empirical interests in the light of the four-phase model by Suzanne D. Hidi and Ann K. Renninger, and selected narratives of qualitative research participants. Horyzonty Wychowania, 21(59), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.35765/hw.2022.2159.05
Tin, T.B. (2016). Defining ‘Interest’: An Educational Psychological Perspective. In: Stimulating Student Interest in Language Learning. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-34042-9_3
Wibrowski, C., Matthews, W., & Kitsantas, A. (2016). The role of a skills learning support program on first-generation college students’ self-regulation, motivation, and academic achievement: A longitudinal study. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 19(3), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025116629152
Wild, S. (2023). Trajectories of subject-interests development and influence factors in higher education. Current Psychology, 42, 12879–12895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02691-7
Yazid, N., & Ali, A. (2025). The role of attitude in student motivation: A study of Southern Zone vocational colleges. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v15-i5/25459
Zhou, Q., & Zhang, H. (2025). Flipped classroom teaching and ARCS motivation model: Impact on college students’ deep learning. Education Sciences, 15(4), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040517
Zynuddin, S., Kenayathulla, H. B., & Sumintono, B. (2023). The relationship between school climate and students' non-cognitive skills: A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 9, e14773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14773
