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Submitted
January 23, 2025
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August 29, 2025
Published
August 30, 2025
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Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming decision-making across various sectors, introducing both opportunities and ethical challenges for leadership. While AI enhances efficiency and innovation, concerns, such as algorithmic bias, transparency deficits, and accountability gaps, pose significant risks to governance. This study examines these ethical dilemmas through real world cases, including Amazon’s recruiting tool, Olay’s algorithmic audit, IBM Watson for Oncology, and predictive policing via COMPAS, to assess their impact on leadership frameworks and the necessity for proactive ethical oversight. Through a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis, this paper explores traditional ethical leadership models alongside emerging AI governance frameworks, notably the Ethical Management of Artificial Intelligence (EMMA) model. By synthesizing research across ethics, psychology, and management, this study demonstrates how leaders must integrate technical expertise with ethical sensitivity to align AI adoption with organizational values and societal expectations. These findings underscore the crucial need for explainable AI (XAI), bias audits, and transparent accountability structures to promote trust in AI systems. To address these challenges, this study recommends a multi-stakeholder approach that prioritizes interdisciplinary collaboration, continuous ethical monitoring, and enforceable AI governance policies. Ethical AI leadership necessitates adaptive oversight to ensure that AI innovation benefits humanity without perpetuating systemic biases or ethical blind spots.

Keywords

AI ethics ethical leadership accountability transparency bias governance

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Copyright (c) 2025 Frank Oduro Bannor, John O. Baysah

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author Biography

Frank Oduro Bannor, Adventist University of West Africa, Liberia

Frank Oduro Bannor is the Director of Chaplaincy and a lecturer at the Adventist University of West Africa (AUWA) in Liberia. He holds an MA in Organizational Leadership and an MA in Christian Education and Mission. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Leadership. His research interests include employee commitment, leadership communication, and succession planning in non-profit organizations.

How to Cite
Bannor, F. O., & Baysah , J. O. (2025). Ethical Leadership Challenges in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: An In-depth Analysis. Pan-African Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 6(2), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.56893/pajes2025v06i02.06
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