Main Article Content
Abstract
Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT), a student-centered language teaching method, has emerged as an effective language teaching approach for improving the language competency levels of all students, including mature students. This study explored the perspectives of mature students who had undergone 12 weeks of TBLT at a private university. The objective was to examine the impact they had observed on their language proficiency resulting from the approach. This study was conducted to address the need for effective language instruction tailored to mature students in Ghana, where research addressing effective teaching methodologies for such groups is limited. Using a phenomenological research design, 15 participants were interviewed in-depth for the study, with five thematic areas emerging. All the students shared their language improvement experiences. Time constraints and non-participation by some students were setbacks to this approach. However, their overall impression was positive, especially regarding their lecturers and interactions during the preparatory phase. Based on the findings, it is recommended that language teachers explore the use of TBLT to improve students' language proficiency, especially the mature ones.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2024 Susana Adjei-Mensah
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References
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References
Adjei-Mensah, S. (2022). Evaluating the effectiveness of a task-based language teaching (TBLT) approach to improve the language skills of mature students in a Ghanaian university [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria].
Adjei-Mensah, S. (2023). Using task-based language teaching approach (TBLT) to improve the writing proficiency of first-year mature university students. INTED proceedings. In INTED2023 Proceedings (pp. 8347-8352). IATED. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2023.2292
Adu-Yeboah, C., & Forde, L. D. (2011). Returning to study in higher education in Ghana: Experiences of mature undergraduate women. Research in Comparative and International Education, 6(4), 400–414. https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2011.6.4.400
AhmAdiAn, M. J. (2016). Task-based language teaching and learning. The language learning journal, 44(4), 377-380.
Al Muhaimeed, S. A. (2013). Task-based language teaching vs. traditional way of English language teaching in Saudi intermediate schools: A comparative study. Kent State University.
Alhazmi, A. A., & Kaufmann, A. (2022). Phenomenological qualitative methods applied to the analysis of cross-cultural experience in novel educational social contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 785134.
Alkhannani, B. M. (2021). The effectiveness of collaborative teaching and learning and engaging students as partners on English language teaching in Saudi Arabia. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 11(10), 1288-1294.
Ansah, M. A., & Agyeman, N. A. (2015). Ghana language-in-education policy: The survival of two south Guan minority dialects. Per Linguam: A Journal of Language Learning (Per Linguam: Tydskrif vir Taalaanleer), 31(1), 89–104.
Bada, S. O. (2015). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for teaching and learning. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 5(6), 66–70.
Baharudin, S. N. A., Murad, M., & Mat, N. H. H. (2013). Challenges of adult learners: A case study of full-time postgraduate students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90, 772–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.151
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. (2010). http://k12education.gatesfoundation.org/
Boston, N. (2017). The experiences of mature age students transitioning to higher education [Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology].
Bruning, R. H., Schraw, G. J., Norby, M. M., & Ronning, R. R. (2004). Cognitive Psychology and instruction (4th edition). Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Burnell, I. (2016). Mature students “do better with non-written assessment. Times Higher Education, 29.
Celce-Murcia, M. (2001). Language teaching approaches: An overview. Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, 2(1991), 3–10.
Chen, S., & Wang, J. (2019). Effects of task-based language teaching (TBLT) approach and language assessment on students’ competences in intensive reading course. English Language Teaching, 12(3), 119. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n3p119
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Curran, C. A. (1972). Counseling-learning, a whole-person model for education. New York, NY: Grune and Stratton.
Dragobuzhda, S. (2020). Teaching grammar through task-based language teaching. European Academic Research, 8(6), 2982-2996.
East, M. (2017). Research into practice: The task-based approach to instructed second language acquisition. Language teaching, 50(3), 412-424.
Ellis, R. (2000). Task-based research and language pedagogy. Language teaching research, 4(3), 193-220.
Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language teaching and learning. Oxford University Press.
Ellis, R. (2006). The methodology of task-based teaching. Asian EFL Journal, 8(3).
Ellis, R. (2019). Towards a modular language curriculum for using tasks. Language Teaching Research, 23(4), 454-475.
Fareed, M., Ashraf, A., & Bilal, M. (2016). ESL learners’ writing skills: Problems, factors and suggestions. Journal of Education & Social Sciences, 4(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.20547/jess0421604201
Fragoso, A., GonÇAlves, T., Ribeiro, C. M., Monteiro, R., Quintas, H., Bago, J., & Santos, L. (2013). The transition of mature students to higher education: Challenging traditional concepts? Studies in the Education of Adults, 45(1), 67-81.
Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC) (www.gtec.edu.gh).
Häkkinen, P., Järvelä, S., Mäkitalo-Siegl, K., Ahonen, A. K., Näykki, P., & Valtonen, T. (2017). Preparing teacher-students for twenty-first-century learning practices (PREP 21): A framework for enhancing collaborative problem-solving and strategic learning skills. Teachers and Teaching, 23, 25-41.
Häkkinen, P., Järvelä, S., Mäkitalo-Siegl, K., Ahonen, A., Näykki, P., & Valtonen, T. (2017). Preparing teacher-students for twenty-first-century learning practices (PREP 21): a framework for enhancing collaborative problem-solving and strategic learning skills. Teachers and Teaching, 23(1), 25-41.
Harris, J. (2018). Responding to the critics: Implementation of TBLT in Japan. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v8i1.11473
Hartwell, A., & Casely-Hayford, L. (2010). National Literacy Acceleration Program (NALAP) Implementation Study. USAID, Ghana.
Hasnain, S., & Halder, S. (2023). Exploring the impediments for successful implementation of the task-based language teaching approach: a review of studies on teachers’ perceptions. The Language Learning Journal, 51(2), 208-222.
Herraiz-Martínez, A. (2018). Technology and task-based language teaching (TBLT): Exploring pragmatics. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 14(2), 38–61.
Hima, A. N., Saputro, T. H., & Farah, R. R. (2021). Benefits and challenges of doing task-based language teaching in Indonesia: Teachers’ perception. KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 7(1), 131-142.
Hismanoglu, M., & Hismanoglu, S. (2011). Task-based language teaching: What every EFL teacher should do. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.049
Hmelo‐Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-Based Learning: What and How Do Students Learn? Educational Psychology Review, 16, 235-266.
Hodgson, E., Dean, A., & Wang, Z. (2020). Using an Immediate Feedback Tool to Improve Learning and Facilitate Program Evaluation. The Journal of Extension, 58(4), 18.
Jackson, D. O. (2022). Task-based language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
Jeon, I. J., & Hahn, J. W. (2006). Exploring EFL teachers’ perceptions of task-based language teaching: A case study of Korean secondary school classroom practice. Asian EFL Journal, 8(1), 123-143.
Kantanis, T. (2002, July). Same or different: Issues that affect mature age undergraduate students' transition to university. In Pacific Rim Conference on First Year in Higher Education, Christchurch.
Kim, Y., Jung, Y., & Tracy‐Ventura, N. (2017). Implementation of a localized task‐based course in an EFL context: A study of students’ evolving perceptions. Tesol QuarterlY, 51(3), 632-660.
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development (Issue December). Prentice-Hall.
Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press.
Lam, H. T. L., Nguyen, S. V., & Nguyen, H. A. T. (2021). University lecturers’ task-based language teaching beliefs and practices. Education Sciences, 11(11), 748.
Larsen-Freeman, D., & Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques and principles of language teaching, (3rd edition). Oxford University Press.
Leherr, K. (2009). National literacy acceleration program (NALAP) baseline assessment. USAID/EDC Report. https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadw581.pdf
Littlewood, W. (2007). Communicative and task-based language teaching in East Asian classrooms. Language Teaching, 40(3), 243–249.
Malmir, A., Sarem, S. N., & Ghasemi, A. (2011). The Effect of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) vs. Content-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) on the Iranian Intermediate ESP Learners’ Reading Comprehension. Iranian EFL Journal, 79, 79–95.
Mao, Z. (2012). The application of task-based language teaching to English reading classroom. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(11), 2430–2438. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.2.11.2430-2438
Martirosyan, N. M. (2015). Impact of English proficiency on academic performance of international students. Journal of International Students, 5(February 2018), 60–71.
McDonough, K., & Chaikitmongkol, W. (2007). Teachers’ and learners’ reactions to a task-based EFL course in Thailand. TESOL Quarterly, 41(1), 107–132.
Michael, L., Larkin, R. L., Shaw, R., & Flowers, P. (2019). Multiperspectival designs and processes in interpretative phenomenological analysis research. Qualitative Research in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2018.1540655
Ministry of Education. (2007). Ghana education reform 2007. http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Ghana/Ghana_education_reform_2007df
Motlagh, F. A., Jafari, A. S., & Yazdani, Z. (2014). A general overview of task-based language teaching (TBLT), from theory to practice. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 2, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.s.2014020501.11
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Sage Publications.
Mozhgan, M. (2016). Task-based language teaching and its effect on medical students’ reading comprehension. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 6(2), 431–438.
Murad, T. M. (2000). The effect of task-based language teaching on developing speaking skills among the Palestinian secondary EFL students in Israel and their attitudes towards English [PhD Dissertation. Yarmouk University].
O'Carroll, J., Ennis, C., Loscher, K., Ryan, D., & Dixon, N. (2017). Strategies for enhancing the mature student experience in higher education. https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=ltcpgdprp
Ozowuba, G. U. (2018). Relationship between English proficiency and academic achievement of Nigerian secondary school students [Doctoral dissertation, Walden University].
Prasetyaningrum, D. I. (2018). Improving agriculture students’ reading comprehension through task-based language teaching (TBLT). EnJourMe (English Journal of Merdeka): Culture, Language, and Teaching of English, 3(1), 88-93.
Purna, B. K. (2013). Effectiveness of task-based language teaching in developing writing skills at the secondary level in Nepal. [PhD dissertation, The English and Foreign Languages University].
Racca, R. M. A. B., & Lasaten, R. C. S. (2016). English language proficiency and academic performance of Philippine Science High School students. International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics, 2(2), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2016.2.2.65
Ranjit, K. (2019). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage.
Richards, J. C., & Theodore, S. R. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge University Press. https://www.scribd.com/document/340921616/approaches-and-methods-in-language-teaching-Richards-Rodgers-pdf
Romero, R. D., Cortezano, G. P., Manaig, K. A., Yazon, A. D., & Tesoro, J. F. B. (2023). A Phenomenological Investigation of Senior High School Learners with Low English Language Proficiency. Journal of English as A Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 3(1), 1-13.
Sachdeva, A. K. (1996). Use of effective feedback to facilitate adult learning. Journal of Cancer Education, 11(2), 106-118.
Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning theories an educational perspective. Pearson Education, Inc.
Shabani, M. B., & Ghasemi, A. (2014). The effect of task-based language teaching (TBLT) and content-based language teaching (CBLT) on the Iranian intermediate ESP learners’ reading comprehension. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 1713–1721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.598
Singh, Y. P., & Agrawal, A. (2011). Introduction to cooperative learning original article. Indian Streams Research Journal, 1(2).
Skehan, P. (2002). A non-marginal role for tasks. ELT Journal, 56(3), 289–295. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/56.3.289
Sogunro, O. A. (2015). Motivating factors for adult learners in higher education. International Journal of Higher Education, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v4n1p22
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