Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Faced with high rates of home births and maternal mortality, the Senegalese government has made enormous efforts to improve the provision of care. However, the use of health facilities for home births remains a challenge.
Materials and methods: The study used a mixed-methods approach. Data from women who gave birth in the Niakhar observatory area between 1983 and 2020 were used, and chi-square tests and qualitative analyses were performed.
Results: The results show that all variables are significant at the 0.5% level. Women giving birth at home were those who were married, griottes, poor, uneducated, aged 35-49, had given birth more than four times and had had fewer than two antenatal consultations. Qualitative results showed that physical condition, lack of understanding, privacy concerns of older women and economic barriers all contributed to the increase in the phenomenon.
Conclusion: In rural areas, health problems are complex and require a more integrated approach. Determinants can run counter to the public policies put in place. It is therefore essential, when developing health policies, to integrate measures adapted to the type of population.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2025 Pape Latyr Faye

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References
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References
Becker, C., Mbodj, M., & Sarr, I. (1999). La dynamique du peuplement sereer. Les Sereer du Sine. Paysans Sereer Dynamiques Agraires et Mobilités au Sénégal. IRD Editions. https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/doc34-08/010018772.pdf
Beninguissé, G. (2003). Entre tradition et modernité: fondements sociaux de la prise en charge de la grossesse et de l'accouchement au Cameroun (Vol. 17). Editions L'Harmattan. https://archive.org/details/entretraditionet0000beni
Burgard S. (2004). Race and pregnancy-related care in Brazil and South Africa. Social science & medicine (1982), 59(6), 1127–1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.01.006
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Sage Publications. https://edge.sagepub.com/creswellrd5e
De Sousa, A. O., & Waltisperger, D. (1995). La maternité chez les Bijago de Guinée-Bissau: une analyse épidémiologique et son contexte ethnologique (No. 9). Centre Français sur la Population et le Développement. https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2021-08/010015395.pdf
Dedman DJ, Gunnell D, Davey Smith G, Frankel S. Childhood housing conditions and later mortality in the Boyd Orr cohort. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2001 Jan;55(1):10-15. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.55.1.10
Delaunay, V., Desclaux, A., & Sokhna, C. (Eds.). (2020). Niakhar, mémoires et perspectives: recherches pluridisciplinaires sur le changement en Afrique. IRD Éditions. https://books.openedition.org/irdeditions/31277
Diallo, H. (2022). Infrastructures, population dynamics and internal migrations in Sub-Saharan Africa (Doctoral dissertation). Université Paris Sciences et Lettres. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04051824
Faye, S. L. (2008). Becoming a mother in Senegal: The experience of motherhood in a setting of social injustice and health service failures]. Sante (Montrouge, France), 18(3), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1684/san.2008.0111
Fortin, M. F. (2010). Fondements et étapes du processus de recherche: Méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives (2nd ed.). Chenelière Éducation. https://www.cheneliere.ca/fr/bundle-fondements-et-etapes-du-processus-de-recherche-4e-ed-9782765073567.html
Galobardes, B., Shaw, M., Lawlor, D. A., Lynch, J. W., & Davey Smith, G. (2006). Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.023531
Graham, H. (2005). Intellectual Disabilities and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health : An Overview of Research. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 18(2), 101‑111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00239.x
Jewkes, R., Abrahams, N., & Mvo, Z. (1998). Why do nurses abuse patients? Reflections from South African obstetric services. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 47(11), 1781–1795. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00240-8
Jong-wook, L. (2005). Public health is a social issue. The Lancet, 365(9464). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71115-6
Kabakian-Khasholian, T., Campbell, O., Shediac-Rizkallah, M., & Ghorayeb, F. (2000). Women's experiences of maternity care: satisfaction or passivity? Social Science & Medicine (1982), 51(1), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00443-8
Krieger N. (2001). Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective. International Journal of Epidemiology, 30(4), 668–677. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.4.668
Kroeger A. (1983). Anthropological and socio-medical health care research in developing countries. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 17(3), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(83)90248-4
Mackenbach, J. P., & Gunning-Schepers, L. J. (1997). How should interventions to reduce inequalities in health be evaluated? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 51(4), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.51.4.359
Magadi, M. A., Agwanda, A. O., & Obare, F. O. (2007). A comparative analysis of the use of maternal health services between teenagers and older mothers in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Social Science & Medicine (1982), 64(6), 1311–1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.004
Navaneetham, K., & Dharmalingam, A. (2002). Utilization of maternal health care services in Southern India. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 55(10), 1849–1869. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00313-6
Nkurunziza, M. (2015). Accoucher à domicile malgré la gratuité des soins Le cas du milieu rural burundais. Autrepart, 74-75(2), 85-100. https://doi.org/10.3917/autr.074.0085.
Ronsmans, C., & Graham, W. J.; Lancet Maternal Survival Series steering group. (2006). Maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why. The Lancet, 368(9542), 1189-1200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69380-X
Sandberg, J., Park, C., Rytina, S., Delaunay, V., Douillot, L., Boujija, Y., Gning, S. B., Bignami, S., Sokhna, C., Belaid, L., Diouf, I., Fotouhi, B., & Senghor, A. (2019). Social learning, influence, and ethnomedicine: Individual, neighborhood and social network influences on attachment to an ethnomedical cultural model in rural Senegal. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 226, 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.028
Solar O, Irwin A. (2010). A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 (Policy and Practice). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241500852
Tarlov, A. R. (1996). Social determinants of health: The sociobiological translation. In Health and Social Organization. Routledge. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45131914
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2005. Human Development Report 2005: International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world. New York. https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2005
Vigneron, E. (2013). Inégalités de santé, inégalités de soins dans les territoires français. Les Tribunes de la santé, 38(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.3917/seve.038.0041.
World Health Organization. (2023). Trends in maternal mortality: 2000-2020: estimates from WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240108462