Article Sidebar

Submitted
March 13, 2024
Accepted
June 11, 2024
Published
July 2, 2024
Download
DOWNLOAD PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 100

Main Article Content

Abstract

Background: Biomass fuels are used by half of the world’s population, and are often the only source of domestic energy. Markers of lower socioeconomic status were related to greater use of dirty-burning fuels. This study aimed to measure the prevalence and determinants of biomass fuel use in the Zambian population.


Methodology: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the Zambia Demographic Health Survey 2018. Descriptive statistics of individual characteristics, testing for associations using Pearson’s chi-square test, and univariate and multivariate binomial regressions were performed using Stata 13.


Results: The prevalence of biomass fuel use was 91.7% (11,762), with the most notable usage observed among females (68.2%) residing in rural areas compared to males (63.4%). Factors indicating lower socioeconomic status, such as living in rural areas with a crude prevalence ratio of 1.13 (1.12-1.14) and cooking outdoors at 1.10 (1.09-1.10), were linked to the use of biomass fuels, while higher education served as a protective factor at 0.84 (0.83-0.85).


Conclusion: This study showed that rural residence, cooking from outside, and educational attainment could be important determinants of the use of biomass fuels. Education appears to be an effective preventive factor in reducing the likelihood of biomass fuel use.

Keywords

Biomass fuels education prevalence determinants Zambia demographic health survey

Article Details

Author Biographies

Flavia Muyinza Nalule, University of Zambia

Flavia Muyinza Nalule is a medical doctor working at the Lusaka IVF and Fertility Clinic. She obtained her Master of Science in Epidemiology from the University of Zambia. Her research interests include non-communicable diseases, women’s health, and infertility.

Adam Silumbwe, University of Zambia

Adam Silumbwe is a PhD candidate at the University of Umea, Sweden. He also works in the Department of Policy, School of Public Health, University of Zambia. His research interests include policy and Non-Communicable Diseases.

Choolwe N. Jacobs, Women in Global Health, Lusaka, Zambia

Choolwe N. Jacobs is a Postdoctoral Fellow in International Health at Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health. She also serves as the head of the Department of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Zambia. Her research interests primarily focus on women's health.

Charles C. Michelo, Global Health Institute, Nkwazi Research University, Lusaka, Zambia

Charles C. Michelo is the founding dean of the School of Public Health at the University of Zambia. He is currently working with the Nkwazi Research Institute. His research interests include health systems strengthening, ethics, and noncommunicable diseases.

How to Cite
Nalule, F. M., Silumbwe, A., Jacobs, C., & Michelo, C. C. (2024). Biomass Fuel use Prevalent in the Zambian Population: Observations from the Zambia Demographic Health Survey 2018. Pan-African Journal of Health and Environmental Science, 3(1), 124–136. https://doi.org/10.56893/ajhes2024v03i01.10
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Baul, T. K., Datta, D., & Alam, A. (2018). A comparative study on household level energy consumption and related emissions from renewable (biomass) and non-renewable energy sources in Bangladesh. Energy Policy, 114, 598–608.
  2. Bonjour, S., Adair-Rohani, H., Wolf, J., Bruce, N. G., Mehta, S., Prüss-Ustün, A., Lahiff, M., Rehfuess, E. A., Mishra, V., & Smith, K. R. (2013). Solid fuel use for household cooking: Country and regional estimates for 1980–2010. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(7), 784–790.
  3. Bruce, N., Perez-Padilla, R., & Albalak, R. (2000). Indoor air pollution in developing countries: A major environmental and public health challenge. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 1078–1092.
  4. de Koning, H. W., Smith, K. R., & Last, J. M. (1985). Biomass fuel combustion and health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 63(1), 11.
  5. Di Cesare, M., Khang, Y.-H., Asaria, P., Blakely, T., Cowan, M. J., Farzadfar, F., Guerrero, R., Ikeda, N., Kyobutungi, C., & Msyamboza, K. P. (2013). Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses. The Lancet, 381(9866), 585–597.
  6. Farmer, P. (2001). Infections and inequalities. In Infections and Inequalities. University of California Press.
  7. Fullerton, D. G., Semple, S., Kalambo, F., Suseno, A., Malamba, R., Henderson, G., Ayres, J. G., & Gordon, S. B. (2009). Biomass fuel use and indoor air pollution in homes in Malawi. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 66(11), 777–783.
  8. Gakidou, E., Oza, S., Fuertes, C. V., Li, A. Y., Lee, D. K., Sousa, A., Hogan, M. C., Vander Hoorn, S., & Ezzati, M. (2007). Improving child survival through environmental and nutritional interventions: The importance of targeting interventions toward the poor. Jama, 298(16), 1876–1887.
  9. Jaakkola, M. S., & Jaakkola, J. J. K. (2006). Biomass fuels and health: The gap between global relevance and research activity. In American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine (Vol. 174, Issue 8, pp. 851–852). American Thoracic Society.
  10. Kim, K.-H., Jahan, S. A., & Kabir, E. (2011). A review of diseases associated with household air pollution due to the use of biomass fuels. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 192(2), 425–431.
  11. Kruk, M. E., Nigenda, G., & Knaul, F. M. (2015). Redesigning primary care to tackle the global epidemic of noncommunicable disease. American Journal of Public Health, 105(3), 431–437.
  12. Lin, H.-H., Ezzati, M., & Murray, M. (2007). Tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 4(1), e20.
  13. Mortimer, K., Gordon, S. B., Jindal, S. K., Accinelli, R. A., Balmes, J., & Martin II, W. J. (2012). Household air pollution is a major avoidable risk factor for cardiorespiratory disease. Chest, 142(5), 1308–1315.
  14. Munday, D., Leaman, J., O’Moore, É., & Plugge, E. (2019). The prevalence of non-communicable disease in older people in prison: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing, 48(2), 204–212.
  15. Piddock, K. C., Gordon, S. B., Ngwira, A., Msukwa, M., Nadeau, G., Davis, K. J., Nyirenda, M. J., & Mortimer, K. (2014). A cross-sectional study of household biomass fuel use among a periurban population in Malawi. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 11(6), 915–924.
  16. Prasad, R., Abhijeet, S., Garg, R., & Hosmane, G. B. (2012). Biomass fuel exposure and respiratory diseases in India. Bioscience Trends, 6(5), 219–228.
  17. Regalado, J., Pérez-Padilla, R., Sansores, R., Páramo Ramirez, J. I., Brauer, M., Paré, P., & Vedal, S. (2006). The effect of biomass burning on respiratory symptoms and lung function in rural Mexican women. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 174(8), 901–905.
  18. Stata, A. (2009). Stata User’s Guide Release 13.
  19. Vijayapushpam, T., Antony, G. M., Rao, G. S., & Rao, D. R. (2010). Nutrition and health education intervention for student volunteers: Topic-wise assessment of impact using a non-parametric test. Public Health Nutrition, 13(1), 131–136.
  20. Zhou, Z., Dionisio, K. L., Arku, R. E., Quaye, A., Hughes, A. F., Vallarino, J., Spengler, J. D., Hill, A., Agyei-Mensah, S., & Ezzati, M. (2011). Household and community poverty, biomass use, and air pollution in Accra, Ghana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(27), 11028–11033.