Assessment of the Level of Knowledge and Management Practices of Preeclampsia among Pregnant Women in Southwest Nigeria

Mary Mojisola Obadimeji; Titilayo Olaoye; Chikwendu Amaike; Roland I. Funwei; Alexandra Onyeunoneme Odiari

Submitted

August 10, 2023

Accepted

December 19, 2023

Published

December 29, 2023

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Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a critical condition that poses a significant risk of maternal and fetal mortality, particularly in underdeveloped countries with limited access to health care. In such countries, the incidence of preeclampsia during pregnancy is estimated to be 10%. This study aimed to assess the understanding and management of PE care in pregnant women in Southwest Nigeria. Despite its high prevalence, there is a lack of information regarding the best management strategies for preeclampsia in the study location.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, and 331 individuals were recruited from 2,283 expectant mothers in the East Senatorial District of Osun State through a multi-stage selection process.

Results: The participants demonstrated an average knowledge score of 10.2 out of 5.0, and 47.7% had a working knowledge of preeclampsia. However, less than half of the participants (46.2%) had completed secondary school.

Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that expectant mothers generally possess a reasonable level of knowledge regarding preeclampsia. However, this study emphasizes the importance of enhancing women’s knowledge of preeclampsia through various means such as health education in maternity hospitals, media outlets, and national education programs.

Keywords

Knowledge management practices maternal mortality preeclampsia Nigeria

Author Biographies

Mary Mojisola Obadimeji , Babcock University, Nigeria

Mary Mojisola Obadimeji is a Grant Writer/Assistant Lecturer at Babcock University. She holds a bachelor's degree in Public Health from Adeleke University in the year 2018 and a Master of Public Health in Epidemiology from Babcock University in year 2022. Her research interest is in the area of Maternal and Child Health. Her research interest focuses on the area of health issues that affect women and children. She is passionate about developing new ideas and strategies to ensure that mothers' and children's lifespans are not shortened due to diseases that can be preventable if identified early.

Titilayo Olaoye , Babcock University, Nigeria

Dr. Titilayo Olaoye is a Senior Lecturer at Babcock University. She obtained a Ph.D. in Health Promotion in 2021 from the same institution. Her research interest is in Maternal and Child Health/Reproductive Health. Titilayo Olaoye has conducted high-impact studies on the health issues affecting women, children, and teenagers in Nigeria.

Chikwendu Amaike , Babcock University, Nigeria

Dr. Chikwendu Amaike is a lecturer and consultant at the Department of Community Medicine at Babcock University. He holds a Bachelor of Medicine (Medicine and Surgery) from the University of Jos and a Master of Science (Masters in Public Health) (Community Medicine). Fellow (FMCPH) (Public Health and Community Medicine) between 2007 and 2012. His research focus is HIV and other Health issues affecting mothers and children

Roland Ibenipere Funwei, Babcock University, Nigeria

Dr. Roland Ibenipere Funwei is a faculty (Lecturer 1) at the Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Clinical Sciences, Ben Carson College of Health and Medical Sciences (BCCHMS), Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Dr. Funwei holds a Bachelor's degree in Human Physiology from the University of Port Harcourt and a Master's and Ph.D. degrees in Pharmacology and Therapeutics from the University of Ibadan, respectively. His research focus is chemotherapy of tropical diseases with bias in malaria genomics, particularly in maternal and child health, with several scholarly publications.

Alexandra Onyeunoneme Odiari, Babcock University, Nigeria

Dr. Alexandra Onyeunoneme Odiari is a resident doctor at the Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State. She graduated from Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Ukraine in 2017. She is a budding researcher.

How to Cite

Obadimeji , M. M., Olaoye , T., Amaike, C., Funwei , R. I., & Odiari , A. O. (2023). Assessment of the Level of Knowledge and Management Practices of Preeclampsia among Pregnant Women in Southwest Nigeria. Pan-African Journal of Health and Environmental Science, 2(2), 56–69. Retrieved from https://journals.aua.ke/ajhes/article/view/394

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References

Agrawal, S., & Walia, G. (2014). Prevalence and risk factors for symptoms suggestive of pre-eclampsia in Indian women. J Women’s Health, 3(6), 2-9.
Akaba, G. O., Anyang, U. I., & Ekele, B. A. (2021). Prevalence and materno-fetal outcomes of preeclampsia/eclampsia amongst pregnant women at a teaching hospital in north-central Nigeria: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Clinical Hypertension, 27(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-021-00178-y
Awoyesuku, P., John, D., & Lebara, L. (2020). Maternal and perinatal outcome in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9, 4382–4388. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204784
Barbara, R., Marya,P., Jean, P., Ashebir, Ge. , Maria. V., Jim, R., Pam, L., Frank, K.,& Patricia Gome. (2018). Screening and management of preeclampsia and eclampsia in antenatal and labor and delivery services. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (18) 346
Belay,A., & Wudad, T.( 2019). Prevalence and associated factors of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women atttending antenatal care. Journal of Biomedical Central. 25:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-0190120-1
Berhe, A. K., Ilesanmi, A. O., Aimakhu, C. O., & Bezabih, A. M. (2020). Awareness of pregnancy induced hypertension among pregnant women in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. Pan African Medical Journal, 35. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2020.35.71.19351
Fondjo, L. A., Boamah, V. E., Fierti, A., Gyesi, D., & Owiredu, E.-W. (2019). Knowledge of preeclampsia and its associated factors among pregnant women: A possible link to reduce related adverse outcomes. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 456. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2623-x
Ireye, F., Ejiyere, H., Aigbiremolen, A., Famiyesin, O., Ekundare, A., Ogeyemhe, C.,Okudo, I., Onimisi, A. (2019). Knowledge, Attitude and Infection Prevention and Control Practices Regarding Lassa fever. International Journal of Prevention and Treatment 8(1):21-27
Joshi, A., Beyuo, T., Oppong, S. A., Moyer, C. A., & Lawrence, E. R. (2020). Preeclampsia knowledge among postpartum women treated for preeclampsia and eclampsia at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 625. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03316-w
Duley, L., Meher, S., & Abalos, E. (2006). Management of pre-eclampsia. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 332(7539), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7539.463
Kononikhin, A. S., Zakharova, N. V., Sergeeva, V. A., Indeykina, M. I., Starodubtseva, N. L., Bugrova, A. E., ... & Nikolaev, E. N. (2020). Differential diagnosis of preeclampsia based on urine Peptidome features revealed by high resolution mass spectrometry. Diagnostics, 10(12), 1039.
Kish, L. (1965). Sampling organizations and groups of unequal sizes. American sociological review, 564-572.
Machano, M. M., & Joho, A. A. (2020). Prevalence and risk factors associated with severe pre-eclampsia among postpartum women in Zanzibar: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1347. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09384-z
Mou, A. D., Barman, Z., Hasan, M., Miah, R., Hafsa, J. M., Das Trisha, A., & Ali, N. (2021). Prevalence of preeclampsia and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 21339. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00839-w
Mekie, M., Mekonnen, W., & Assegid, M. (2020). Cohabitation duration, obstetric, behavioral and nutritional factors predict preeclampsia among nulliparous women in West Amhara Zones of Ethiopia: Age matched case control study. PloS one, 15(1), e0228127.
Nabulo, H., Ruzaaza, G., Mugabi, F. & Bajunirw, F. (2021). Perception of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Journal of Global Health Report. Doi:10.29392/001c.1946
Okhae, K., & Arulogun, O. (2015). Knowledge of Pre-eclampsia. International Journal of Science and Research. 78:79
Olabanji, A., Surakat, S., Ajisebiola , O., Mogaji, O., Onakhinor , O., Busari , F.,Oluwadamilare, G., Akinlabi, R. , Kamilu, F. , Monsuru, A., & Sammy, O.(2023). Knowledge and perception of bioethics among biomedical researchers in Osun State, Nigeria. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) 9(1)
Olaoye, T., Oyerinde, O., Elebuji, O., & Ologun, O. (2019). Knowledge, Perception and Management of pre-eclampsia in a Major Maternity Hospital. Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDs, 8(2):80-88.
Poon, L. C., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2014). Early prediction of preeclampsia. Obstetrics and Gynecology International, 2014, 297397. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/297397
Ray, J. G., Wanigaratne, S., Park, A. L., Bartsch, E., Dzakpasu, S., & Urquia, M. L. (2016). Preterm preeclampsia in relation to country of birth. Journal of Perinatology: Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association, 36(9), 718–722. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.73
Salomon, A., Ishaku, S., Kirk, K., & Warren, C. (2019). Detecting and managing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: A cross-sectional analysis of the quality of antenatal care in Nigeria. BMC Health Services Research, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4217-8
Savage, A. R., & Hoho, L. (2016). Knowledge of pre-eclampsia in women living in Makole Ward, Dodoma, Tanzania. African Health Sciences, 16(2), 412–419. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v16i2.9
Sotunsa, J., Vidler, M., Akeju, D., Osiberu, M., Orenuga, E., Oladapo, O., Quresh, R.,Sawchuch, D., Adetoro, O., Dadelszen, P., & Dada, O. (2016). Community health worker knowledge and practice in relation to preeclapsia. Journal of Reproductive Health 13(2). Doi 10.1186/s12978-0160218-9
Teng, S. P., & Keng, S. L. (2016). Knowledge of preeclampsia among antenatal women in a tertiary referral teaching hospital. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 7(2), 8-13.
The International Federation of Gynecology and Obsterics (FIGO) Initiative on pre-eclampsia (PE):A pragmatic Guide for first trimester screening and prevention. International journal of Gynaecol Obstet.2019 May:145(Supl(1):1-33. Doi:10.1002/ijgo.12802.
Vata, P., Chauhan, N., Nallathambi, A., & Hussein, F. (2015). Assessment of prevalence of pre-eclampsia. Journal of BioMedical Central. 8:816.DOI 10.1186/s13104- 015-1821-5
Wallis, A., Tsigas, E,. & Saftlas. (2010). Prenatal education is an opportunity for improved outcomes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: results from an internet-based survey. Journal Maternal Fetal Neonatal Medicine 26(16):1565–7
Wertaschnigg, D., Reddy, M., Mol, B. W. J., da Silva Costa, F., & Rolnik, D. L. (2019). Evidence-Based Prevention of Preeclampsia: Commonly Asked Questions in Clinical Practice. Journal of Pregnancy, 2019, 2675101. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2675101
World Health Organization. (2019). Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division: executive summary (WHO/RHR/19.23). Article WHO/RHR/19.23. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/327596
You, W. B., Wolf, M., Bailey, S. C., Pandit, A. U., Waite, K. R., Sobel, R. M., & Grobman, W. (2012). Factors associated with patient understanding of preeclampsia. Hypertension in Pregnancy, 31(3), 341–349. https://doi.org/10.3109/10641955.2010.507

References

Agrawal, S., & Walia, G. (2014). Prevalence and risk factors for symptoms suggestive of pre-eclampsia in Indian women. J Women’s Health, 3(6), 2-9.

Akaba, G. O., Anyang, U. I., & Ekele, B. A. (2021). Prevalence and materno-fetal outcomes of preeclampsia/eclampsia amongst pregnant women at a teaching hospital in north-central Nigeria: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Clinical Hypertension, 27(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-021-00178-y

Awoyesuku, P., John, D., & Lebara, L. (2020). Maternal and perinatal outcome in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9, 4382–4388. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204784

Barbara, R., Marya,P., Jean, P., Ashebir, Ge. , Maria. V., Jim, R., Pam, L., Frank, K.,& Patricia Gome. (2018). Screening and management of preeclampsia and eclampsia in antenatal and labor and delivery services. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (18) 346

Belay,A., & Wudad, T.( 2019). Prevalence and associated factors of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women atttending antenatal care. Journal of Biomedical Central. 25:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-0190120-1

Berhe, A. K., Ilesanmi, A. O., Aimakhu, C. O., & Bezabih, A. M. (2020). Awareness of pregnancy induced hypertension among pregnant women in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. Pan African Medical Journal, 35. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2020.35.71.19351

Fondjo, L. A., Boamah, V. E., Fierti, A., Gyesi, D., & Owiredu, E.-W. (2019). Knowledge of preeclampsia and its associated factors among pregnant women: A possible link to reduce related adverse outcomes. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 456. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2623-x

Ireye, F., Ejiyere, H., Aigbiremolen, A., Famiyesin, O., Ekundare, A., Ogeyemhe, C.,Okudo, I., Onimisi, A. (2019). Knowledge, Attitude and Infection Prevention and Control Practices Regarding Lassa fever. International Journal of Prevention and Treatment 8(1):21-27

Joshi, A., Beyuo, T., Oppong, S. A., Moyer, C. A., & Lawrence, E. R. (2020). Preeclampsia knowledge among postpartum women treated for preeclampsia and eclampsia at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 625. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03316-w

Duley, L., Meher, S., & Abalos, E. (2006). Management of pre-eclampsia. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 332(7539), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7539.463

Kononikhin, A. S., Zakharova, N. V., Sergeeva, V. A., Indeykina, M. I., Starodubtseva, N. L., Bugrova, A. E., ... & Nikolaev, E. N. (2020). Differential diagnosis of preeclampsia based on urine Peptidome features revealed by high resolution mass spectrometry. Diagnostics, 10(12), 1039.

Kish, L. (1965). Sampling organizations and groups of unequal sizes. American sociological review, 564-572.

Machano, M. M., & Joho, A. A. (2020). Prevalence and risk factors associated with severe pre-eclampsia among postpartum women in Zanzibar: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1347. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09384-z

Mou, A. D., Barman, Z., Hasan, M., Miah, R., Hafsa, J. M., Das Trisha, A., & Ali, N. (2021). Prevalence of preeclampsia and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 21339. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00839-w

Mekie, M., Mekonnen, W., & Assegid, M. (2020). Cohabitation duration, obstetric, behavioral and nutritional factors predict preeclampsia among nulliparous women in West Amhara Zones of Ethiopia: Age matched case control study. PloS one, 15(1), e0228127.

Nabulo, H., Ruzaaza, G., Mugabi, F. & Bajunirw, F. (2021). Perception of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Journal of Global Health Report. Doi:10.29392/001c.1946

Okhae, K., & Arulogun, O. (2015). Knowledge of Pre-eclampsia. International Journal of Science and Research. 78:79

Olabanji, A., Surakat, S., Ajisebiola , O., Mogaji, O., Onakhinor , O., Busari , F.,Oluwadamilare, G., Akinlabi, R. , Kamilu, F. , Monsuru, A., & Sammy, O.(2023). Knowledge and perception of bioethics among biomedical researchers in Osun State, Nigeria. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) 9(1)

Olaoye, T., Oyerinde, O., Elebuji, O., & Ologun, O. (2019). Knowledge, Perception and Management of pre-eclampsia in a Major Maternity Hospital. Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDs, 8(2):80-88.

Poon, L. C., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2014). Early prediction of preeclampsia. Obstetrics and Gynecology International, 2014, 297397. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/297397

Ray, J. G., Wanigaratne, S., Park, A. L., Bartsch, E., Dzakpasu, S., & Urquia, M. L. (2016). Preterm preeclampsia in relation to country of birth. Journal of Perinatology: Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association, 36(9), 718–722. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.73

Salomon, A., Ishaku, S., Kirk, K., & Warren, C. (2019). Detecting and managing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: A cross-sectional analysis of the quality of antenatal care in Nigeria. BMC Health Services Research, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4217-8

Savage, A. R., & Hoho, L. (2016). Knowledge of pre-eclampsia in women living in Makole Ward, Dodoma, Tanzania. African Health Sciences, 16(2), 412–419. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v16i2.9

Sotunsa, J., Vidler, M., Akeju, D., Osiberu, M., Orenuga, E., Oladapo, O., Quresh, R.,Sawchuch, D., Adetoro, O., Dadelszen, P., & Dada, O. (2016). Community health worker knowledge and practice in relation to preeclapsia. Journal of Reproductive Health 13(2). Doi 10.1186/s12978-0160218-9

Teng, S. P., & Keng, S. L. (2016). Knowledge of preeclampsia among antenatal women in a tertiary referral teaching hospital. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 7(2), 8-13.

The International Federation of Gynecology and Obsterics (FIGO) Initiative on pre-eclampsia (PE):A pragmatic Guide for first trimester screening and prevention. International journal of Gynaecol Obstet.2019 May:145(Supl(1):1-33. Doi:10.1002/ijgo.12802.

Vata, P., Chauhan, N., Nallathambi, A., & Hussein, F. (2015). Assessment of prevalence of pre-eclampsia. Journal of BioMedical Central. 8:816.DOI 10.1186/s13104- 015-1821-5

Wallis, A., Tsigas, E,. & Saftlas. (2010). Prenatal education is an opportunity for improved outcomes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: results from an internet-based survey. Journal Maternal Fetal Neonatal Medicine 26(16):1565–7

Wertaschnigg, D., Reddy, M., Mol, B. W. J., da Silva Costa, F., & Rolnik, D. L. (2019). Evidence-Based Prevention of Preeclampsia: Commonly Asked Questions in Clinical Practice. Journal of Pregnancy, 2019, 2675101. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2675101

World Health Organization. (2019). Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2017: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division: executive summary (WHO/RHR/19.23). Article WHO/RHR/19.23. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/327596

You, W. B., Wolf, M., Bailey, S. C., Pandit, A. U., Waite, K. R., Sobel, R. M., & Grobman, W. (2012). Factors associated with patient understanding of preeclampsia. Hypertension in Pregnancy, 31(3), 341–349. https://doi.org/10.3109/10641955.2010.507

Assessment of the Level of Knowledge and Management Practices of Preeclampsia among Pregnant Women in Southwest Nigeria

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Mary Mojisola Obadimeji , Babcock University, Nigeria

Titilayo Olaoye , Babcock University, Nigeria

Chikwendu Amaike , Babcock University, Nigeria

Roland Ibenipere Funwei, Babcock University, Nigeria

Alexandra Onyeunoneme Odiari, Babcock University, Nigeria

References

References