Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate oral healthcare knowledge, attitudes, and management of admitted patients by Registered General Nurses (RGNs). It sought to appreciate the scope of training in the oral health management of patients using RGNs and the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of RGNs in managing oral and maxillofacial conditions in admitted patients.
Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study used systematic random sampling to collect data using questionnaires at Parirenyatwa Hospital, Harare. One hundred and one RGNs participated in this study.
Results: The overall knowledge level of RGNs regarding oral and maxillofacial management of admitted patients was average. In addition, their general attitude regarding the oral and maxillofacial management of admitted patients was good, but their overall practice was considered fair.
Conclusion: These results show a disparity, with generally lower practices than self-perceived attitudes. Nurses should be equipped with a basic package of oral care for admitted patients through collaboration between oral health professionals and nursing professionals in research, training, and service.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Al Rababah, D., Nassani, M., Baker, O., Alhelih, E., Almomani, S., & Rastam, S. (2018). Attitudes and practices of nurses toward oral care of hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional survey in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7(149).
- Atchison, K., Rozier, R., & Weintraub, J. (2018). Integration of oral health and primary care: Communication, coordination and referral. NAM Perspectives. https://saskohc.ca/images/pdf/Integration-of-Oral-Health-and-Primary-CareNAM.pdf.
- Azevedo, O., Guedes, É., Araújo, S., Maia, M., & Cruz, D. (2019). Documentação do processo de enfermagem em instituições públicas de saúde. Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da USP, 53. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2018003703471
- Basha, F. Y., Ganapathy, D., & Venugopalan, S. (2018). Oral hygiene status among pregnant women. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 11(7), 3099. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00569.3
- Bashiru, B., & Omotola, O. (2016). Oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior of medical, pharmacy and nursing students at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Oral Research and Review, 8(2), 66. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4987.192209
- Calzavara, E. (2017). Matabeleland: Analysis of the social-historic context and guidelines for recording DMFT [Master’s thesis]. University of Turin, Italy.
- Dickson-Swift, V., Kenny, A., Gussy, M., McCarthy, C., & Bracksley-O’Grady, S. (2020). The knowledge and practice of pediatricians in children’s oral health: A scoping review. BMC Oral Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01198-0
- Dörfer, C., Benz, C., Aida, J., & Campard, G. (2017). The relationship of oral health with general health and NCDS: A brief review. International Dental Journal, 67, 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12360
- Dryden, S. V., Shoemaker, W. G., & Kim, J. H. (2013). Wound management and nutrition for optimal wound healing. Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, 21(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cxom.2012.12.008
- Estes, K., Callanan, D., Rai, N., Plunkett, K., Brunson, D., & Tiwari, T. (2018). Evaluation of an interprofessional oral health assessment activity in advanced practice nursing education. Journal of Dental Education, 82(10), 1084-1090. https://doi.org/10.21815/jde.018.103
- Fisher, J., Selikowitz, H., Mathur, M., & Varenne, B. (2018). Strengthening oral health for universal health coverage. The Lancet, 392(10151), 899-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31707-0
- Frencken, J., Holmgren, C., & Helderman, W. (2002) Basic Package of Oral Care . WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health Care Planning and Future Scenarios. http://www.chdentalinstitute.org/images/bpoc.pdf.
- Grønkjær, L., Nielsen, N., Nielsen, M., & Smedegaard, C. (2017). Oral health behaviour, knowledge, and attitude among nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7(8), 1. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n8p1
- Harnagea, H., Couturier, Y., Shrivastava, R., Girard, F., Lamothe, L., Bedos, C., & Emami, E. (2017). Barriers and facilitators in the integration of oral health into primary care: A scoping review. BMJ Open, 7(9), e016078. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016078
- Ibrahim, S., Mudawi, A., & Omer, O. (2015). Nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice of oral care for intensive care unit patients. Open Journal of Stomatology, 5(7), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojst.2015.57023
- Keboa, M., Beaudin, A., Cyr, J., Decoste, J., Power, F., & Hovey, R. (2019). Dentistry and nursing working together to improve oral health care in a long-term care facility. Geriatric Nursing, 40(2), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.10.002
- Kerr, J., & Singh, S. (2018). Nursing students’ attitudes and practices of oral health self-care. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences, 24 (2), 142-154.
- Khadka, S., Khan, S., King, A., Goldberg, L. R., Crocombe, L., & Bettiol, S. (2020). Poor oral hygiene, oral microorganisms and aspiration pneumonia risk in older people in residential aged care: A systematic review. Age and Ageing, 50(1), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa102
- Kundabala, M., Shenoy, R., D'Souza, V., Jain, A., & Suprabha, B. (2022). Preventing early childhood caries through oral health promotion and a basic package for oral care: A pragmatic trial. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 13(2), 162. https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_873_20
- Kwak, C., Seo, Y. J., Park, K. H., & Han, W. (2022). Analysis of the knowledge, attitudes, and practice model of healthcare professionals on hearing loss at elderly dementia residences in Korea. Healthcare, 10(5), 792. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050792
- Mapanga, M., & Mapanga, K. (2000). A perspective of nursing in Zimbabwe. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 5(2). https://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume52000/No2May00/NursingInZimbabwe.html.
- Masakure, C. (2012). On the frontline of caring: A history of African nurses in colonial and postcolonial Zimbabwe, 1940s-1996. [Doctoral dissertation] University of Minnesota, USA.
- Ministry of Health and Childcare. (2022). Nursing. Ministry of Health and Childcare. http://www.mohcc.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=152&Itemid=473.
- Miranda, A., de Paula, R., de Castro Piau, C., Costa, P., & Bezerra, A. (2016). Oral care practices for patients in Intensive Care Units: A pilot survey. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 20(5), 267-273. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.182203
- Mizutani, K., Mikami, R., Gohda, T., Gotoh, H., Aoyama, N., Matsuura, T., Kido, D., Takeda, K., Izumi, Y., Sasaki, Y., & Iwata, T. (2020). Poor oral hygiene and dental caries predict high mortality rate in hemodialysis: A 3-year cohort study. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78724-1
- Msuya, M., Blood-Siegfried, J., Chugulu, J., Kidayi, P., Sumaye, J., & Machange, R. et al. (2017). Descriptive study of nursing scope of practice in rural medically underserved areas of Africa, South of the Sahara. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 6, 74-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2017.04.003
- Noort, H., Witteman, B., Hertog-Voortman, R., Everaars, B., Vermeulen, H., & Huisman-de Waal, G. (2019). A context analysis on how oral care is delivered in hospitalised patients: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(11-12), 1991-2003. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15130
- Nursing Council of Zimbabwe. NCZ History. Nursing Council of Zimbabwe. http://www.nursescouncil.co.zw/ncz-history/
- Olsen, I., & Singhrao, S. K. (2019). Poor oral health and its neurological consequences: Mechanisms of porphyromonas gingivalis involvement in cognitive dysfunction. Current Oral Health Reports, 6(2), 120–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-019-0212-8
- Özveren, H., & Özden, D. (2014). Turkish nurses' attitudes and practices regarding oral care. International Journal of Nursing Knowledge, 26(4), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12060
- Philip, P., Villarosa, A., Gopinath, A., Elizabeth, C., Norman, G., & George, A. (2019). Oral health knowledge, attitude and practices among nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore, India: A cross-sectional survey. Contemporary Nurse, 55(2-3), 261-274. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2019.1647790
- Pimentel, J., 2019. Some biases in likert scaling usage and its correction. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 45(1), 183-191
- Politis, C., Schoenaers, J., Jacobs, R., & Agbaje, J. O. (2016). Wound healing problems in the mouth. Frontiers in Physiology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00507
- Reddy, M., Gogoi, A., & Shwetha, H. (2017). Basic Package of Oral Care - A Review. International Journal of Medical and Oral Research, 2(1), 26-31. http://ijmor.org/uploads/2017-i5.pdf.
- Satyarup, D., Kumar, M., Dalai, R. P., & Rathor, K. R. (2020). Basic package for oral care: A means to tackle community dental needs. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 14(4), 8365–8371. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.13000
- Sharif, S., Saddki, N., & Yusoff, A. (2016). Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Nurses toward Oral Health and Oral Health Care of Pregnant Women. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 23(1), 63-71.
- Toney-Butler, T. J., & Thayer, J. M. (2022). Nursing Process. StatPearls Publishing.
- Wang, J., Chen, L., Yu, M., & He, J. (2020). Impact of knowledge, attitude, and practice (kap)-based rehabilitation education on the KAP of patients with intervertebral disc herniation. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 9(2), 388–393. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm.2020.03.01
- World Bank. (2019). Zimbabwe Data. https://data.worldbank.org/country/ZW.
- World Health Organization. (2016). Promoting Oral Health in Africa. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/205886/9789290232971.pdf?sequence=1
- World Health Organization. (2020). Achieving better oral health as part of the universal health coverage and noncommunicable disease agendas towards 2030. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB148/B148_8-en.pdf
- Yenen, Z., & Ataçağ, T. (2019). Oral care in pregnancy. Journal of the Turkish-German Gynecological Association, 20(4), 264–268. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2018.2018.0139
- Zheng, S., Zhao, L., Ju, N., Hua, T., Zhang, S., & Liao, S. (2021). Relationship between oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, practice, self-rated oral health and oral health-related quality of life among Chinese college students: A structural equation modeling approach. BMC Oral Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01419-0
References
Al Rababah, D., Nassani, M., Baker, O., Alhelih, E., Almomani, S., & Rastam, S. (2018). Attitudes and practices of nurses toward oral care of hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional survey in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7(149).
Atchison, K., Rozier, R., & Weintraub, J. (2018). Integration of oral health and primary care: Communication, coordination and referral. NAM Perspectives. https://saskohc.ca/images/pdf/Integration-of-Oral-Health-and-Primary-CareNAM.pdf.
Azevedo, O., Guedes, É., Araújo, S., Maia, M., & Cruz, D. (2019). Documentação do processo de enfermagem em instituições públicas de saúde. Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da USP, 53. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2018003703471
Basha, F. Y., Ganapathy, D., & Venugopalan, S. (2018). Oral hygiene status among pregnant women. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 11(7), 3099. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2018.00569.3
Bashiru, B., & Omotola, O. (2016). Oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior of medical, pharmacy and nursing students at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Oral Research and Review, 8(2), 66. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4987.192209
Calzavara, E. (2017). Matabeleland: Analysis of the social-historic context and guidelines for recording DMFT [Master’s thesis]. University of Turin, Italy.
Dickson-Swift, V., Kenny, A., Gussy, M., McCarthy, C., & Bracksley-O’Grady, S. (2020). The knowledge and practice of pediatricians in children’s oral health: A scoping review. BMC Oral Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01198-0
Dörfer, C., Benz, C., Aida, J., & Campard, G. (2017). The relationship of oral health with general health and NCDS: A brief review. International Dental Journal, 67, 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12360
Dryden, S. V., Shoemaker, W. G., & Kim, J. H. (2013). Wound management and nutrition for optimal wound healing. Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, 21(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cxom.2012.12.008
Estes, K., Callanan, D., Rai, N., Plunkett, K., Brunson, D., & Tiwari, T. (2018). Evaluation of an interprofessional oral health assessment activity in advanced practice nursing education. Journal of Dental Education, 82(10), 1084-1090. https://doi.org/10.21815/jde.018.103
Fisher, J., Selikowitz, H., Mathur, M., & Varenne, B. (2018). Strengthening oral health for universal health coverage. The Lancet, 392(10151), 899-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31707-0
Frencken, J., Holmgren, C., & Helderman, W. (2002) Basic Package of Oral Care . WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health Care Planning and Future Scenarios. http://www.chdentalinstitute.org/images/bpoc.pdf.
Grønkjær, L., Nielsen, N., Nielsen, M., & Smedegaard, C. (2017). Oral health behaviour, knowledge, and attitude among nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7(8), 1. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n8p1
Harnagea, H., Couturier, Y., Shrivastava, R., Girard, F., Lamothe, L., Bedos, C., & Emami, E. (2017). Barriers and facilitators in the integration of oral health into primary care: A scoping review. BMJ Open, 7(9), e016078. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016078
Ibrahim, S., Mudawi, A., & Omer, O. (2015). Nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice of oral care for intensive care unit patients. Open Journal of Stomatology, 5(7), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojst.2015.57023
Keboa, M., Beaudin, A., Cyr, J., Decoste, J., Power, F., & Hovey, R. (2019). Dentistry and nursing working together to improve oral health care in a long-term care facility. Geriatric Nursing, 40(2), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.10.002
Kerr, J., & Singh, S. (2018). Nursing students’ attitudes and practices of oral health self-care. African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences, 24 (2), 142-154.
Khadka, S., Khan, S., King, A., Goldberg, L. R., Crocombe, L., & Bettiol, S. (2020). Poor oral hygiene, oral microorganisms and aspiration pneumonia risk in older people in residential aged care: A systematic review. Age and Ageing, 50(1), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa102
Kundabala, M., Shenoy, R., D'Souza, V., Jain, A., & Suprabha, B. (2022). Preventing early childhood caries through oral health promotion and a basic package for oral care: A pragmatic trial. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 13(2), 162. https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_873_20
Kwak, C., Seo, Y. J., Park, K. H., & Han, W. (2022). Analysis of the knowledge, attitudes, and practice model of healthcare professionals on hearing loss at elderly dementia residences in Korea. Healthcare, 10(5), 792. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10050792
Mapanga, M., & Mapanga, K. (2000). A perspective of nursing in Zimbabwe. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 5(2). https://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume52000/No2May00/NursingInZimbabwe.html.
Masakure, C. (2012). On the frontline of caring: A history of African nurses in colonial and postcolonial Zimbabwe, 1940s-1996. [Doctoral dissertation] University of Minnesota, USA.
Ministry of Health and Childcare. (2022). Nursing. Ministry of Health and Childcare. http://www.mohcc.gov.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=152&Itemid=473.
Miranda, A., de Paula, R., de Castro Piau, C., Costa, P., & Bezerra, A. (2016). Oral care practices for patients in Intensive Care Units: A pilot survey. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 20(5), 267-273. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.182203
Mizutani, K., Mikami, R., Gohda, T., Gotoh, H., Aoyama, N., Matsuura, T., Kido, D., Takeda, K., Izumi, Y., Sasaki, Y., & Iwata, T. (2020). Poor oral hygiene and dental caries predict high mortality rate in hemodialysis: A 3-year cohort study. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78724-1
Msuya, M., Blood-Siegfried, J., Chugulu, J., Kidayi, P., Sumaye, J., & Machange, R. et al. (2017). Descriptive study of nursing scope of practice in rural medically underserved areas of Africa, South of the Sahara. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 6, 74-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2017.04.003
Noort, H., Witteman, B., Hertog-Voortman, R., Everaars, B., Vermeulen, H., & Huisman-de Waal, G. (2019). A context analysis on how oral care is delivered in hospitalised patients: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(11-12), 1991-2003. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15130
Nursing Council of Zimbabwe. NCZ History. Nursing Council of Zimbabwe. http://www.nursescouncil.co.zw/ncz-history/
Olsen, I., & Singhrao, S. K. (2019). Poor oral health and its neurological consequences: Mechanisms of porphyromonas gingivalis involvement in cognitive dysfunction. Current Oral Health Reports, 6(2), 120–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-019-0212-8
Özveren, H., & Özden, D. (2014). Turkish nurses' attitudes and practices regarding oral care. International Journal of Nursing Knowledge, 26(4), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12060
Philip, P., Villarosa, A., Gopinath, A., Elizabeth, C., Norman, G., & George, A. (2019). Oral health knowledge, attitude and practices among nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore, India: A cross-sectional survey. Contemporary Nurse, 55(2-3), 261-274. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2019.1647790
Pimentel, J., 2019. Some biases in likert scaling usage and its correction. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 45(1), 183-191
Politis, C., Schoenaers, J., Jacobs, R., & Agbaje, J. O. (2016). Wound healing problems in the mouth. Frontiers in Physiology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00507
Reddy, M., Gogoi, A., & Shwetha, H. (2017). Basic Package of Oral Care - A Review. International Journal of Medical and Oral Research, 2(1), 26-31. http://ijmor.org/uploads/2017-i5.pdf.
Satyarup, D., Kumar, M., Dalai, R. P., & Rathor, K. R. (2020). Basic package for oral care: A means to tackle community dental needs. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 14(4), 8365–8371. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.13000
Sharif, S., Saddki, N., & Yusoff, A. (2016). Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Nurses toward Oral Health and Oral Health Care of Pregnant Women. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 23(1), 63-71.
Toney-Butler, T. J., & Thayer, J. M. (2022). Nursing Process. StatPearls Publishing.
Wang, J., Chen, L., Yu, M., & He, J. (2020). Impact of knowledge, attitude, and practice (kap)-based rehabilitation education on the KAP of patients with intervertebral disc herniation. Annals of Palliative Medicine, 9(2), 388–393. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm.2020.03.01
World Bank. (2019). Zimbabwe Data. https://data.worldbank.org/country/ZW.
World Health Organization. (2016). Promoting Oral Health in Africa. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/205886/9789290232971.pdf?sequence=1
World Health Organization. (2020). Achieving better oral health as part of the universal health coverage and noncommunicable disease agendas towards 2030. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB148/B148_8-en.pdf
Yenen, Z., & Ataçağ, T. (2019). Oral care in pregnancy. Journal of the Turkish-German Gynecological Association, 20(4), 264–268. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2018.2018.0139
Zheng, S., Zhao, L., Ju, N., Hua, T., Zhang, S., & Liao, S. (2021). Relationship between oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, practice, self-rated oral health and oral health-related quality of life among Chinese college students: A structural equation modeling approach. BMC Oral Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01419-0