Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: While recognizing the challenges of managing waste in health facilities, this study aimed to assess the individual and socioeconomic factors associated with compliance to solid waste segregation among healthcare workers in Martini Hospital, Somalia; and suggested remedies for improved solid waste segregation.
Method: The study used the facility-based cross-sectional survey design with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 111 health care workers using researcher-administered questionnaires.
Result: The results show that awareness of and attitude toward solid waste segregation among individual factors, and health system orientation among health system factors had a significant relationship with compliance to solid waste segregation.
Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a high burden of poor compliance to solid waste segregation and that if no appropriate interventions are put in place, it could be detrimental to the health of the workers and the community. It also concludes that awareness and attitude towards solid waste segregation and health system orientation are critical in improving compliance to solid waste segregation.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Abdikadir, A.O., Sahadat, H. & Mahmuda P. (2018). Study on knowledge, attitude and practices towards the solid waste management in Karan District, Mogadishu Somalia. Environmental Contaminants Reviews, 1(2): 22-26.
- Abd El-Salam M. M. (2010). Hospital waste management in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(3), 618–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.012
- Babirye J, Vuzi, P., & Mutekanga, D. R. (2020). Factors influencing adherence to proper health care waste management practices among health workers in Wakiso district, Uganda. Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health, 4 (2), 96-111.
- Bella, D.V., & Vaccari, M. (2014). Constraints for solid waste management in Somaliland. Waste and Resource Management, 167 (2), 62-71.
- Chartier, Y., Emmanuel, J., Pieper, U., Prüss, A., Rushbrook, P., Stringer, R., Townend, W., Wilburn, S., & Zghondi, R. (Eds.) (2014). Safe management of wastes from health-care activities (2nd ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization.
- Dafaalla, M.D., Suliman, A., Kheir, A.E.M., Abdalla, M., Hashim, A., Mohammed, N., Mirghani, M., Nimir, M., Haroon, M., ElHag, H., Shadad, E., & Abdalrahman, I. (2016). Knowledge, attitude and practice towards needle stick injury among health care workers in a tertiary Sudanese hospital. South American Journal of Clinical Research, 3(1), 1-9.
- Devi, A., Ravindra, K., Kaur, M., & Kumar, R. (2019). Evaluation of biomedical waste management practices in public and private sector of health care facilities in India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 26(25), 26082–26089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05785-9
- Gayathri, V. P., & Pokhrel, K. (2005). Biomedical solid waste management in an Indian hospital: A case study. Waste Management, 25 (6), 592-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.07.011.
- Gitonga, L.K. (2017). Factors influencing waste segregation among staff in Chuka level four hospital. Rehabilitation Science, 2 (4), 91-100.
- Rao P. H. (2008). Report: Hospital waste management--awareness and practices: a study of three states in India. Waste Management & Research: The Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 26(3), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X08088693
- Hossain, M. S., Rahman, N. N., Balakrishnan, V., Puvanesuaran, V. R., Sarker, M. Z., & Kadir, M. O. (2013). Infectious risk assessment of unsafe handling practices and management of clinical solid waste. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(2), 556–567. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10020556
- Kayode, A. M., & Omole, F. K. (2011). Some socio-economic factors affecting solid waste generation and disposal in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Issues and Agriculture in Developing Countries, 3(1), 55–64.
- Kumar, R., Khan, E. A., Ahmed, J., Khan, Z., Magan, M., Nousheen, & Mughal, M. I. (2010). Healthcare waste management (HCWM) in Pakistan: current situation and training options. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 22(4), 101–105.
- Kumar, R., Somrongthong, R., Ahmed, J., & Almarabheh A. J. (2018). Correlates of knowledge, attitude and practices about health care waste management among hospital workers of Pakistan. Journal of the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, 17(1),1-7. DOI: 10.22442/jlumhs.181710541
- Lakbala, P., & Lakbala, M. (2013). Knowledge, attitude and practice of hospital staff management. Waste Management & Research: The Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 31(7), 729–732. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X13484190
- Linzner R and Ali M (2013). Briefing: Waste management sustainability in low-income countries. Waste and Resource Management 166(2): 49-51.
- Maina, J. M., Kithuka, P., & Tororei, S. (2016). Perceptions and uptake of health insurance for maternal care in rural Kenya: A cross sectional study. The Pan African Medical Journal, 23, 125. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2016.23.125.8936
- Malini, A., & Eshwar, B (2015). Knowledge, attitude and practice of biomedical waste management among health care personnel in a tertiary care hospital in Egypt. International Journal of Biomedical Research, 6(3): 172-176.
- Manya, C.M.S., Leta, S., Khan, M.M. (2017). Assessment of municipal solid waste management practices in Juba city, South Sudan, challenges and practical considerations: A review. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), 11 (10), 13-25.
- Manyele, S.V., & Anicetus, H. (20I6). Management of Medical Waste in Tanzanian Hospitals. Tanzania Health Res. Bull., 8(3), 177-182.
- Martini Hospital (2020). Annual Report of Martini Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia.
- Maskey, B., Maharjan, K.L., & Singh, M. (2016). Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and Factors Influencing Solid Waste Management in Barangay Pansol of Quezon City, the Philippines. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321781326
- Mesfin, A., Worku, W., & Gizaw, Z. (2014). Assessment of health care waste segregation practice and associated factors of health care workers in Gondar University hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2013. Universal Journal of Public Health, 2(7), 201–7.
- Moh, Y.C., & Latifah, A.M. (2014). Overview of household solid waste recycling policy status and challenges in Malaysia. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 82, 50 – 61.
- Muhwezi, L., Kaweesa, P., Kiberu F., & Eyoku, I.L.E. (2014). Health care waste management in Uganda: A case study of Soroti regional referral hospital. International Journal of Waste Management and Technology, 2(2), 1-12.
- Omole, D.O., Adekunle, B.A., Ndambuki, J.M., Ogbiye, A.S., Onakunle, O.O., & Emenike, P.C. (2018). Impact of industrial and municipal waste-load on skinnerspruit in Gauteng province, South Africa. WIT Transaction on Ecology and the Environment. https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/WP18/WP18003FU1.pdf
- Sahiledengle, B. (2019). Self-reported healthcare waste segregation practice and its correlate among healthcare workers in hospitals of Southeast Ethiopia. BMC Health Services Research, 19, 591. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4439-9
- Sarker, M. A., Harun-Or-Rashid, M., Hirosawa, T., Abdul Hai, M. S., Siddique, M. R., Sakamoto, J., & Hamajima, N. (2014). Evaluation of knowledge, practices, and possible barriers among healthcare providers regarding medical waste management in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental And Clinical Research, 20, 2590–2597. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.890904
- Soukopová, J., Struk, M., & Hřebíček, J. (2016). Population age structure and the cost of municipal waste collection. A case study from the Czech Republic. Journal of Environmental Management, 203(Pt 2), 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.030
- Tesfahun, E., Kumie, A., Legesse, W., Kloos, H., & Beyene, A. (2014). Assessment of composition and generation rate of healthcare wastes in selected public and private hospitals of Ethiopia. Waste Management & Research: the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 32(3), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X14521683
- WHO (2004). Safe health-care waste management: policy paper/ World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-SDE-WSH-4.12
- WHO (2017). Safe management of wastes from health-care activities: A summary. WHO/FWC/WSH/17.05
- Woldu, W., Bitew, B.D., & Gizaw, Z. (2016). Socioeconomic factors associated with diarrheal diseases among under-five children of the nomadic population in northeast Ethiopia.Tropical Medicine and Health, 44 (40). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-016-0040-7
- Yazie, T.D., Tebeje, M.G., & Chufa, K.A. Healthcare waste management current status and potential challenges in Ethiopia: A systematic review. BMC Research Notes, 12, 285. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4316-y
- Yamane, Taro. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis ( 2nd ed.). Harper and Row.
- Yong, Z., Gang, X., Guanxing, W., Tao, Z., & Dawei, J. (2009). Medical waste management in China: A case study of Nanjing. Waste management (New York, N.Y.), 29(4), 1376–1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.10.023
References
Abdikadir, A.O., Sahadat, H. & Mahmuda P. (2018). Study on knowledge, attitude and practices towards the solid waste management in Karan District, Mogadishu Somalia. Environmental Contaminants Reviews, 1(2): 22-26.
Abd El-Salam M. M. (2010). Hospital waste management in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(3), 618–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.012
Babirye J, Vuzi, P., & Mutekanga, D. R. (2020). Factors influencing adherence to proper health care waste management practices among health workers in Wakiso district, Uganda. Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health, 4 (2), 96-111.
Bella, D.V., & Vaccari, M. (2014). Constraints for solid waste management in Somaliland. Waste and Resource Management, 167 (2), 62-71.
Chartier, Y., Emmanuel, J., Pieper, U., Prüss, A., Rushbrook, P., Stringer, R., Townend, W., Wilburn, S., & Zghondi, R. (Eds.) (2014). Safe management of wastes from health-care activities (2nd ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization.
Dafaalla, M.D., Suliman, A., Kheir, A.E.M., Abdalla, M., Hashim, A., Mohammed, N., Mirghani, M., Nimir, M., Haroon, M., ElHag, H., Shadad, E., & Abdalrahman, I. (2016). Knowledge, attitude and practice towards needle stick injury among health care workers in a tertiary Sudanese hospital. South American Journal of Clinical Research, 3(1), 1-9.
Devi, A., Ravindra, K., Kaur, M., & Kumar, R. (2019). Evaluation of biomedical waste management practices in public and private sector of health care facilities in India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 26(25), 26082–26089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05785-9
Gayathri, V. P., & Pokhrel, K. (2005). Biomedical solid waste management in an Indian hospital: A case study. Waste Management, 25 (6), 592-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.07.011.
Gitonga, L.K. (2017). Factors influencing waste segregation among staff in Chuka level four hospital. Rehabilitation Science, 2 (4), 91-100.
Rao P. H. (2008). Report: Hospital waste management--awareness and practices: a study of three states in India. Waste Management & Research: The Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 26(3), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X08088693
Hossain, M. S., Rahman, N. N., Balakrishnan, V., Puvanesuaran, V. R., Sarker, M. Z., & Kadir, M. O. (2013). Infectious risk assessment of unsafe handling practices and management of clinical solid waste. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(2), 556–567. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10020556
Kayode, A. M., & Omole, F. K. (2011). Some socio-economic factors affecting solid waste generation and disposal in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Issues and Agriculture in Developing Countries, 3(1), 55–64.
Kumar, R., Khan, E. A., Ahmed, J., Khan, Z., Magan, M., Nousheen, & Mughal, M. I. (2010). Healthcare waste management (HCWM) in Pakistan: current situation and training options. Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 22(4), 101–105.
Kumar, R., Somrongthong, R., Ahmed, J., & Almarabheh A. J. (2018). Correlates of knowledge, attitude and practices about health care waste management among hospital workers of Pakistan. Journal of the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, 17(1),1-7. DOI: 10.22442/jlumhs.181710541
Lakbala, P., & Lakbala, M. (2013). Knowledge, attitude and practice of hospital staff management. Waste Management & Research: The Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 31(7), 729–732. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X13484190
Linzner R and Ali M (2013). Briefing: Waste management sustainability in low-income countries. Waste and Resource Management 166(2): 49-51.
Maina, J. M., Kithuka, P., & Tororei, S. (2016). Perceptions and uptake of health insurance for maternal care in rural Kenya: A cross sectional study. The Pan African Medical Journal, 23, 125. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2016.23.125.8936
Malini, A., & Eshwar, B (2015). Knowledge, attitude and practice of biomedical waste management among health care personnel in a tertiary care hospital in Egypt. International Journal of Biomedical Research, 6(3): 172-176.
Manya, C.M.S., Leta, S., Khan, M.M. (2017). Assessment of municipal solid waste management practices in Juba city, South Sudan, challenges and practical considerations: A review. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), 11 (10), 13-25.
Manyele, S.V., & Anicetus, H. (20I6). Management of Medical Waste in Tanzanian Hospitals. Tanzania Health Res. Bull., 8(3), 177-182.
Martini Hospital (2020). Annual Report of Martini Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Maskey, B., Maharjan, K.L., & Singh, M. (2016). Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and Factors Influencing Solid Waste Management in Barangay Pansol of Quezon City, the Philippines. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321781326
Mesfin, A., Worku, W., & Gizaw, Z. (2014). Assessment of health care waste segregation practice and associated factors of health care workers in Gondar University hospital, North West Ethiopia, 2013. Universal Journal of Public Health, 2(7), 201–7.
Moh, Y.C., & Latifah, A.M. (2014). Overview of household solid waste recycling policy status and challenges in Malaysia. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 82, 50 – 61.
Muhwezi, L., Kaweesa, P., Kiberu F., & Eyoku, I.L.E. (2014). Health care waste management in Uganda: A case study of Soroti regional referral hospital. International Journal of Waste Management and Technology, 2(2), 1-12.
Omole, D.O., Adekunle, B.A., Ndambuki, J.M., Ogbiye, A.S., Onakunle, O.O., & Emenike, P.C. (2018). Impact of industrial and municipal waste-load on skinnerspruit in Gauteng province, South Africa. WIT Transaction on Ecology and the Environment. https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/WP18/WP18003FU1.pdf
Sahiledengle, B. (2019). Self-reported healthcare waste segregation practice and its correlate among healthcare workers in hospitals of Southeast Ethiopia. BMC Health Services Research, 19, 591. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4439-9
Sarker, M. A., Harun-Or-Rashid, M., Hirosawa, T., Abdul Hai, M. S., Siddique, M. R., Sakamoto, J., & Hamajima, N. (2014). Evaluation of knowledge, practices, and possible barriers among healthcare providers regarding medical waste management in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental And Clinical Research, 20, 2590–2597. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.890904
Soukopová, J., Struk, M., & Hřebíček, J. (2016). Population age structure and the cost of municipal waste collection. A case study from the Czech Republic. Journal of Environmental Management, 203(Pt 2), 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.030
Tesfahun, E., Kumie, A., Legesse, W., Kloos, H., & Beyene, A. (2014). Assessment of composition and generation rate of healthcare wastes in selected public and private hospitals of Ethiopia. Waste Management & Research: the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 32(3), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X14521683
WHO (2004). Safe health-care waste management: policy paper/ World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-SDE-WSH-4.12
WHO (2017). Safe management of wastes from health-care activities: A summary. WHO/FWC/WSH/17.05
Woldu, W., Bitew, B.D., & Gizaw, Z. (2016). Socioeconomic factors associated with diarrheal diseases among under-five children of the nomadic population in northeast Ethiopia.Tropical Medicine and Health, 44 (40). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-016-0040-7
Yazie, T.D., Tebeje, M.G., & Chufa, K.A. Healthcare waste management current status and potential challenges in Ethiopia: A systematic review. BMC Research Notes, 12, 285. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4316-y
Yamane, Taro. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis ( 2nd ed.). Harper and Row.
Yong, Z., Gang, X., Guanxing, W., Tao, Z., & Dawei, J. (2009). Medical waste management in China: A case study of Nanjing. Waste management (New York, N.Y.), 29(4), 1376–1382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.10.023